fix(javascript): retain destructuring effects in evaluation order

docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md

@@ -352,10 +352,14 @@ creation. Arguments follow each actual callable invocation rather than property
 chain depth; rebinding retains the original bound receiver.
 Visibly replaced invocation intrinsics produce unknown effects instead
 of using their former call semantics; captured function aliases retain their
-earlier identity. Unexamined targets remain unresolved. `Reflect.set` examines
-its explicit receiver as well as its target, retaining unknown receiver effects.
-Creating an unused binding does not itself mutate an intrinsic. Variable
-redeclarations retain a single unconditional initializer
+earlier identity. Invocation member reads are checked separately from the earlier
+function capture. Comma-expression callees use their final value while all
+preceding expressions remain in the effect traversal. Call effects are
+classified after callee and argument effects have been collected. Unexamined
+targets remain unresolved. `Reflect.set` examines its explicit receiver as well
+as its target, retaining unknown receiver effects. Creating an unused binding
+does not itself mutate an intrinsic. Variable redeclarations retain a single
+unconditional initializer
 when they introduce no assignment or second initializer.
 Stable identifier chains to fresh object, array, function,
 undecorated class or RegExp syntax keep those targets separate from intrinsic

src/domain/javascript/electronIntrinsicCapture.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP } from "./javascriptModuleInterop.fixture.js";
+import { analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysis.js";
+
+const CAPTURED_INTEROP = ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+  "__defProp = Object.defineProperty",
+  "__defProp = define",
+);
+const WINDOW = `let electron = require("electron");
+  electron = __toESM(electron, 1); new electron.BrowserWindow({});`;
+
+describe("captured intrinsic invocation reads", () => {
+  it.each(["call", "apply"])(
+    "does not invent a bound receiver erased by %s sequence syntax",
+    (method) => {
+      const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create");
+      (0, change.${method})(null, ${method === "apply" ? "[{value:replacement}]" : "{value:replacement}"});
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+      expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each([
+    '[Object.defineProperty, ignored = Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1})] = [replacement];',
+    '({first: Object.defineProperty, second: ignored = Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1})} = values);',
+    '[change.call, ignored = change.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1})] = [replacement];',
+    '({first: change.call, [change.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1})]: ignored} = values);',
+    'for ([change.call, ignored = change.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1})] of values) {}',
+  ])(
+    "retains destructuring writes before later defaults and keys: %s",
+    (mutation) => {
+      const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      const change = define.bind(null);
+      const metadata = {}; let ignored;
+      ${mutation}
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+      expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("evaluates a destructuring RHS before any target writes", () => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      const metadata = {};
+      [Object.defineProperty] = [Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1}), replacement];
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("evaluates assignment operands before recording their writes", () => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      const metadata = {};
+      Object.defineProperty = (Object.defineProperty(metadata, "x", {value:1}), replacement);
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("retains whole-object mutations at a captured function's later member read", () => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      Object.assign(define, {call: replacement});
+      const metadata = {}; define.call(null, metadata, "x", {value:1});
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    '(0, Object.defineProperty.call)(null,Object,"create",{value:replacement});',
+    '(0, Object.defineProperty.apply)(null,[Object,"create",{value:replacement}]);',
+  ])(
+    "does not invent a receiver for a detached invocation member: %s",
+    (invoke) => {
+      const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${invoke}
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+      expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("retains callee-prefix effects before classifying the invocation", () => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      const metadata = {};
+      (Object.defineProperty = replacement, Object.defineProperty)(metadata,"x",{value:1});
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("retains a callee selected before an argument replaces its global property", () => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      const metadata = {};
+      Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",(Object.defineProperty = replacement,{value:1}));
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'define.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'define.apply(null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'const change = define.bind(null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'const also = define; also.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+  ])("retains a function captured before global replacement: %s", (invoke) => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      Object.defineProperty = replacement;
+      const metadata = {}; ${invoke}
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'const invoke = define.call; invoke(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const invoke = define.call; invoke.call(define,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    '(0, define.call).call(define,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const invoke = (0, define.call); const again = invoke; again.call(define,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+  ])("preserves the base capture through an invocation value: %s", (invoke) => {
+    const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const define = Object.defineProperty;
+      Object.defineProperty = replacement;
+      const metadata = {}; ${invoke}
+      ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["define", "Function.prototype"])(
+    "retains an overwritten invocation member through an alias from %s",
+    (owner) => {
+      const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+        const define = Object.defineProperty;
+        Object.defineProperty = replacement;
+        ${owner}.call = replacement;
+        const invoke = define.call;
+        const metadata = {}; invoke.call(define,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});
+        ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+      expect(result.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each([
+    ["call", 'define.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});'],
+    ["apply", 'define.apply(null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);'],
+    [
+      "bind",
+      'const change = define.bind(null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    ],
+  ])(
+    "checks the later %s property read on a captured function",
+    (method, invoke) => {
+      for (const owner of ["define", "Function.prototype"]) {
+        const result = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+        const define = Object.defineProperty;
+        ${owner}.${method} = replacement;
+        const metadata = {}; ${invoke}
+        ${CAPTURED_INTEROP} ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+        expect(result.electron.browser_windows, owner).toEqual([]);
+      }
+    },
+  );
+});

src/domain/javascript/electronModuleInterop.test.ts

@@ -615,6 +615,10 @@ describe("Electron module interop bound mutators", () => {
     'Reflect.set({},"create",...valuesAndReceivers);',
     "Reflect.set({},...keysValuesAndReceivers);",
     'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,receiver);',
+    '(0, Object.defineProperty)(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create"); (0, change)({value:customCreate});',
+    '(0, Reflect.apply)(Object.defineProperty,null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Reflect.apply((0,Function.prototype.call),Object.defineProperty,[null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
   ])("rejects intrinsic writes through a bound mutator: %s", (write) => {
     expect(
       analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
@@ -641,6 +645,7 @@ describe("Electron module interop bound mutators", () => {
     'const {apply:change} = Object.defineProperty; change.call(Object.defineProperty,null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
     'Reflect.set(metadata,"x",1,{});',
     'const receiver = {}; Reflect.set({},"x",1,receiver);',
+    '(0, Object.defineProperty)(metadata,"x",{value:1});',
   ])("keeps a fresh bound target or unused binding separate: %s", (write) => {
     expect(
       analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(

src/domain/javascript/javascriptElectronMemberWrites.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ import {
   semanticWriteTargets,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
-import { traverseJavaScriptAstSteps } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
+import {
+  javaScriptAstChildKeys,
+  traverseJavaScriptAstSteps,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 
 /** Match Electron's supported module entry points. */
 export const ELECTRON_MODULE =
@@ -52,6 +55,24 @@ export interface JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation {
     | undefined;
 }
 
+/** Distinguish replacing a value from mutating members of the captured object. */
+export type JavaScriptIdentityWriteKind =
+  | "replace-value"
+  | "mutate-object"
+  | "opaque";
+
+/** The source boundary after the operands required for this effect are evaluated. */
+export const javaScriptIdentityWriteOffset = (node: t.Node): number =>
+  (t.isForOfStatement(node) || t.isForInStatement(node)
+    ? node.right.end
+    : t.isCallExpression(node) ||
+        t.isOptionalCallExpression(node) ||
+        t.isAssignmentExpression(node) ||
+        t.isUpdateExpression(node) ||
+        t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "delete" })
+      ? node.end
+      : node.start) ?? Infinity;
+
 /**
  * Index writes through possible lexical object identities. Resolve the complete
  * object before appending the written key: self-reference properties can denote
@@ -68,7 +89,12 @@ export function* collectJavaScriptIdentityWritesSteps(
   ) => JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined,
   staticString: (node: t.Node | undefined) => string | undefined,
   freshObject: (node: t.Node) => boolean,
-  retain: (node: t.Node, path: readonly (string | null)[]) => void,
+  retain: (
+    node: t.Node,
+    path: readonly (string | null)[],
+    kind: JavaScriptIdentityWriteKind,
+  ) => void,
+  observeEvaluation?: (node: t.Node) => void,
 ): Generator<void> {
   const objectMutators = new Set([
     "defineProperty",
@@ -83,85 +109,141 @@ export function* collectJavaScriptIdentityWritesSteps(
     "setPrototypeOf",
   ]);
   const keyedMutators = new Set(["set", "deleteProperty", "defineProperty"]);
-  yield* traverseJavaScriptAstSteps(program, {
-    enter: (node) => {
-      if (t.isCallExpression(node) || t.isOptionalCallExpression(node)) {
-        const invocation = intrinsicInvocation(node);
-        if (invocation?.kind === "opaque") {
-          for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call")) retain(node, scope);
-          return;
+  const retainCallEffects = (
+    node: t.CallExpression | t.OptionalCallExpression,
+  ): void => {
+    const invocation = intrinsicInvocation(node);
+    if (invocation?.kind === "opaque") {
+      for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call"))
+        retain(node, scope, "opaque");
+      return;
+    }
+    const callee = invocation?.path;
+    const arguments_ = invocation?.arguments;
+    const method = callee?.at(-1);
+    const owner = callee?.length === 3 ? callee[1] : undefined;
+    if (
+      (owner === "Object" && objectMutators.has(method ?? "")) ||
+      (owner === "Reflect" && reflectMutators.has(method ?? ""))
+    ) {
+      // Reflect.set can write through its explicit receiver as well as
+      // dispatching through its target. Both identities need examination.
+      const targets =
+        owner === "Reflect" &&
+        method === "set" &&
+        arguments_ !== undefined &&
+        (arguments_.length >= 4 || arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement))
+          ? [
+              arguments_[0],
+              arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement) ? undefined : arguments_[3],
+            ]
+          : [arguments_?.[0]];
+      for (const target of targets) {
+        // A known mutator with an opaque argument list can overwrite any
+        // captured intrinsic. Do not turn an unexamined target into proof.
+        if (target === undefined || t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
+          for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call"))
+            retain(node, scope, "opaque");
         }
-        const callee = invocation?.path;
-        const arguments_ = invocation?.arguments;
-        const method = callee?.at(-1);
-        const owner = callee?.length === 3 ? callee[1] : undefined;
-        if (
-          (owner === "Object" && objectMutators.has(method ?? "")) ||
-          (owner === "Reflect" && reflectMutators.has(method ?? ""))
-        ) {
-          // Reflect.set can write through its explicit receiver as well as
-          // dispatching through its target. Both identities need examination.
-          const targets =
-            owner === "Reflect" &&
-            method === "set" &&
-            arguments_ !== undefined &&
-            (arguments_.length >= 4 || arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement))
-              ? [
-                  arguments_[0],
-                  arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement)
-                    ? undefined
-                    : arguments_[3],
-                ]
-              : [arguments_?.[0]];
-          for (const target of targets) {
-            // A known mutator with an opaque argument list can overwrite any
-            // captured intrinsic. Do not turn an unexamined target into proof.
-            if (target === undefined || t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
-              for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call"))
-                retain(node, scope);
-            }
-            if (t.isNode(target) && !t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
-              const identities = origin(target, "member");
-              if (identities.length > 0) {
-                const key = keyedMutators.has(method ?? "")
-                  ? [staticString(arguments_?.[1]) ?? null]
-                  : [];
-                for (const identity of identities)
-                  retain(node, [...identity, ...key]);
-              } else if (!freshObject(target)) {
-                for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call"))
-                  retain(node, scope);
-              }
-            }
+        if (t.isNode(target) && !t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
+          const identities = origin(target, "member");
+          if (identities.length > 0) {
+            const key = keyedMutators.has(method ?? "")
+              ? [staticString(arguments_?.[1]) ?? null]
+              : [];
+            for (const identity of identities)
+              retain(
+                node,
+                [...identity, ...key],
+                keyedMutators.has(method ?? "")
+                  ? "replace-value"
+                  : "mutate-object",
+              );
+          } else if (!freshObject(target)) {
+            for (const scope of origin(node, "opaque-call"))
+              retain(node, scope, "opaque");
           }
         }
       }
-      const target = t.isAssignmentExpression(node)
-        ? node.left
-        : t.isUpdateExpression(node)
+    }
+  };
+  const retainTarget = (leaf: t.Node, effect: t.Node): void => {
+    if (t.isIdentifier(leaf)) {
+      for (const identity of origin(leaf, "binding"))
+        retain(effect, identity, "replace-value");
+      return;
+    }
+    const member = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(leaf).node;
+    if (!t.isMemberExpression(member) && !t.isOptionalMemberExpression(member))
+      return;
+    const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(member.property, member.computed);
+    for (const identity of origin(member.object, "member"))
+      retain(effect, [...identity, key], "replace-value");
+  };
+  const targetOf = (node: t.Node): t.Node | undefined =>
+    t.isAssignmentExpression(node)
+      ? node.left
+      : t.isUpdateExpression(node)
+        ? node.argument
+        : t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "delete" })
           ? node.argument
-          : t.isUnaryExpression(node, { operator: "delete" })
-            ? node.argument
-            : t.isForOfStatement(node) || t.isForInStatement(node)
-              ? node.left
-              : undefined;
-      if (target === undefined) return;
-      for (const leaf of semanticWriteTargets(target)) {
-        if (t.isIdentifier(leaf)) {
-          for (const identity of origin(leaf, "binding"))
-            retain(node, identity);
-          continue;
-        }
-        const member = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(leaf).node;
-        if (
-          !t.isMemberExpression(member) &&
-          !t.isOptionalMemberExpression(member)
-        )
-          continue;
-        const key = semanticStaticPropertyKey(member.property, member.computed);
-        for (const identity of origin(member.object, "member"))
-          retain(node, [...identity, key]);
+          : t.isForOfStatement(node) || t.isForInStatement(node)
+            ? node.left
+            : undefined;
+  const isPattern = (node: t.Node | undefined): boolean =>
+    t.isArrayPattern(node) || t.isObjectPattern(node);
+  const retainTargets = (node: t.Node): void => {
+    const target = targetOf(node);
+    if (target !== undefined)
+      for (const leaf of semanticWriteTargets(target)) retainTarget(leaf, node);
+  };
+  const patternLeaves = new WeakSet<t.Node>();
+  const loopBodies = new WeakMap<t.Node, t.ForOfStatement | t.ForInStatement>();
+  yield* traverseJavaScriptAstSteps(program, {
+    childKeys: (node) => {
+      // Assignment patterns are lexically before their RHS, but execute after it.
+      // A simple default target evaluates its reference before its initializer;
+      // a nested pattern starts destructuring only after that initializer.
+      if (t.isAssignmentExpression(node) && isPattern(node.left))
+        return ["right", "left"];
+      if (t.isForOfStatement(node) || t.isForInStatement(node))
+        return ["right", "left", "body"];
+      if (t.isAssignmentPattern(node) && isPattern(node.left))
+        return ["right", "left"];
+      if (t.isVariableDeclarator(node) && isPattern(node.id))
+        return ["init", "id"];
+      return javaScriptAstChildKeys(node);
+    },
+    enter: (node) => {
+      const target = targetOf(node);
+      if (isPattern(target) && target !== undefined)
+        for (const leaf of semanticWriteTargets(target))
+          patternLeaves.add(leaf);
+      if (t.isForOfStatement(node) || t.isForInStatement(node))
+        loopBodies.set(node.body, node);
+      const loop = loopBodies.get(node);
+      if (loop !== undefined && !isPattern(loop.left)) {
+        observeEvaluation?.(loop);
+        retainTargets(loop);
       }
     },
+    exit: (node, parent) => {
+      observeEvaluation?.(node);
+      if (patternLeaves.has(node)) {
+        // The default expression runs after the target reference is evaluated,
+        // but before its value is written. Later leaves see this completed write.
+        if (!t.isAssignmentPattern(parent) || parent.left !== node)
+          retainTarget(node, node);
+      } else if (t.isAssignmentPattern(node) && patternLeaves.has(node.left))
+        retainTarget(node.left, node);
+      if (t.isCallExpression(node) || t.isOptionalCallExpression(node))
+        retainCallEffects(node);
+      else if (
+        !t.isForOfStatement(node) &&
+        !t.isForInStatement(node) &&
+        !isPattern(targetOf(node))
+      )
+        retainTargets(node);
+    },
   });
 }

src/domain/javascript/javascriptIntrinsicInvocation.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,15 @@ export const resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation = (
   let explicitReceiver = false;
   for (;;) {
     callee = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(callee).node;
+    if (t.isSequenceExpression(callee)) {
+      const finalExpression = callee.expressions.at(-1);
+      if (finalExpression === undefined) return undefined;
+      // Comma yields a value, not a member reference. An outer invocation
+      // can still supply an explicit receiver for that value.
+      explicitReceiver = true;
+      callee = finalExpression;
+      continue;
+    }
     if (visited.has(callee)) return undefined;
     visited.add(callee);
     let path = intrinsicPath(callee);
@@ -97,6 +106,7 @@ export const resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation = (
         );
         if (method === "call" || method === "apply") {
           const bound = boundIntrinsic(callee.object);
+          if (explicitReceiver && !t.isExpression(receiver)) return undefined;
           if (
             bound !== undefined &&
             intrinsicReadChanged(callee, [...bound.path, method])

src/domain/javascript/javascriptModuleInterop.ts

@@ -17,13 +17,15 @@ import {
 } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 import {
   electronMemberPath,
+  javaScriptIdentityWriteOffset,
+  type JavaScriptIdentityWriteKind,
   type JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation,
 } from "./javascriptElectronMemberWrites.js";
 import {
   expandJavaScriptInvocationArguments,
   resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation,
 } from "./javascriptIntrinsicInvocation.js";
-import { SemanticPropertyPathCoverage } from "./javascriptSemanticPropertyPaths.js";
+import { semanticPropertyPathKeyMatches } from "./javascriptSemanticPropertyPaths.js";
 import {
   readExactJavaScriptLiteral,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
@@ -74,6 +76,16 @@ interface InteropHelper {
   readonly identity: boolean;
 }
 
+const intrinsicWriteCovers = (
+  written: readonly (string | null)[],
+  read: readonly string[],
+): boolean =>
+  written.length <= read.length &&
+  written.every((key, index) => {
+    const name = read[index];
+    return name !== undefined && semanticPropertyPathKeyMatches(key, name);
+  });
+
 /** Prove one inert namespace conversion without relaxing general assignment semantics. */
 export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
@@ -81,6 +93,14 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
     readonly intrinsicPath: (node: t.Node) => readonly string[] | undefined;
   },
 ) => {
+  // Evaluation order, unlike source offsets, preserves RHS-before-pattern and
+  // each destructuring write before subsequent defaults and computed keys.
+  const evaluationOrder = new WeakMap<t.Node, number>();
+  let evaluationClock = 0;
+  const evaluationOffset = (node: t.Node): number =>
+    evaluationClock === 0
+      ? (node.start ?? -1)
+      : (evaluationOrder.get(node) ?? Infinity);
   const helpers = new Map<string, InteropHelper | null>();
   const origins = new Map<string, InteropOrigin>();
   const calls = new WeakMap<t.Node, InteropOrigin>();
@@ -88,8 +108,18 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
   const writes: {
     readonly scope: string;
     readonly offset: number;
-    readonly coverage: SemanticPropertyPathCoverage;
+    readonly path: readonly (string | null)[];
+    readonly kind: JavaScriptIdentityWriteKind;
   }[] = [];
+  const invocationMemberWriteCovers = (
+    write: (typeof writes)[number],
+    read: readonly string[],
+  ): boolean =>
+    (write.kind === "opaque" ||
+      (write.kind === "mutate-object" &&
+        write.path.length === read.length - 1) ||
+      (write.kind === "replace-value" && write.path.length === read.length)) &&
+    intrinsicWriteCovers(write.path, read);
   const invalidatedBindings = new Map<string, boolean>();
   const invalidatedCalls = new WeakMap<t.Node, boolean>();
   const opaqueMutationPath = (node: t.Node): readonly string[] => {
@@ -125,6 +155,12 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
         const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(current);
         if (members.some((member) => member === null)) return finish(undefined);
         suffix = [...(members as readonly string[]), ...suffix];
+        if (t.isSequenceExpression(root)) {
+          const value = root.expressions.at(-1);
+          if (value === undefined) return finish(undefined);
+          current = value;
+          continue;
+        }
         for (const global of ["Object", "Function", "Reflect"])
           if (isUnshadowedGlobal(root, state, global))
             return finish(["intrinsic", global, ...suffix]);
@@ -165,8 +201,20 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
     let capturedAt = node;
     let suffixLength = 0;
     for (;;) {
+      current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current).node;
+      if (suffixLength === 0)
+        capturedAt =
+          t.isMemberExpression(current) || t.isOptionalMemberExpression(current)
+            ? current.property
+            : current;
       const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(current);
       suffixLength += members.length;
+      if (t.isSequenceExpression(root)) {
+        const value = root.expressions.at(-1);
+        if (value === undefined) return undefined;
+        current = value;
+        continue;
+      }
       if (!t.isIdentifier(root)) return undefined;
       const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, root, root.name);
       if (binding === undefined) return { path, capturedAt };
@@ -217,24 +265,84 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
     node: t.Node,
     path: readonly string[],
   ): boolean => {
-    const capture = capturedIntrinsic(node)?.capturedAt ?? node;
-    const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capture).join(".");
-    const method = path.at(-1);
-    const invocationMethod =
-      method === "bind" || method === "call" || method === "apply";
-    return writes.some(
-      (write) =>
-        (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
-        write.offset < (capture.start ?? -1) &&
-        (write.coverage.covers(path) ||
-          (invocationMethod &&
-            write.coverage.covers([
-              "intrinsic",
-              "Function",
-              "prototype",
-              method,
-            ]))),
-    );
+    let current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(node).node;
+    let currentPath = path;
+    const aliases = new Set<string>();
+    for (;;) {
+      current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current).node;
+      if (t.isSequenceExpression(current)) {
+        const value = current.expressions.at(-1);
+        if (value === undefined) return true;
+        current = value;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const method = currentPath.at(-1);
+      const invocationMethod =
+        method === "bind" || method === "call" || method === "apply";
+      // Recover the member read at an alias initializer before examining its
+      // base capture. Copying a callable does not recapture its original owner.
+      if (invocationMethod && t.isIdentifier(current)) {
+        const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(
+          state,
+          current,
+          current.name,
+        );
+        const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+        if (
+          binding !== undefined &&
+          initializer !== undefined &&
+          initializer.projection.length === 0 &&
+          (initializer.node.end ?? Infinity) < (current.start ?? -1) &&
+          !aliases.has(binding.bindingId)
+        ) {
+          aliases.add(binding.bindingId);
+          current = initializer.node;
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      if (
+        invocationMethod &&
+        (t.isMemberExpression(current) || t.isOptionalMemberExpression(current))
+      ) {
+        // Reading an invocation member does not recapture the stored function.
+        // Check member writes now, then check its base at the earlier capture.
+        const scope = opaqueMutationPath(current).join(".");
+        const offset = evaluationOffset(current);
+        if (
+          writes.some(
+            (write) =>
+              (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
+              write.offset < offset &&
+              (invocationMemberWriteCovers(write, currentPath) ||
+                invocationMemberWriteCovers(write, [
+                  "intrinsic",
+                  "Function",
+                  "prototype",
+                  method,
+                ])),
+          )
+        )
+          return true;
+        current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current.object).node;
+        currentPath = currentPath.slice(0, -1);
+        continue;
+      }
+      const capture = capturedIntrinsic(current)?.capturedAt ?? current;
+      const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capture).join(".");
+      return writes.some(
+        (write) =>
+          (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
+          write.offset < evaluationOffset(capture) &&
+          (intrinsicWriteCovers(write.path, currentPath) ||
+            (invocationMethod &&
+              intrinsicWriteCovers(write.path, [
+                "intrinsic",
+                "Function",
+                "prototype",
+                method,
+              ]))),
+      );
+    }
   };
 
   const resolveBoundIntrinsic = (
@@ -278,7 +386,7 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
       if (members.at(-1) === "bind") {
         // A direct .bind may continue a bound callable, without discarding members.
         if (!terminal && members.length !== 1) return undefined;
-        bindReads.push(captured?.capturedAt ?? current.callee);
+        bindReads.push(current.callee);
       } else {
         // Reuse the invocation owner for generic call/apply/Reflect.apply of bind.
         const invocation = resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation(
@@ -298,6 +406,8 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
         captured = capturedIntrinsic(bindTarget);
         terminal = captured !== undefined;
         path = captured?.path;
+        opaqueArguments ||=
+          path !== undefined && intrinsicReadChanged(bindTarget, path);
       }
       receiver = bindingArguments?.[0];
       const ownArguments = bindingArguments?.slice(1) ?? [];
@@ -312,17 +422,9 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
         continue;
       }
       const boundPath = [...path, "bind"];
-      const functionBind = ["intrinsic", "Function", "prototype", "bind"];
-      opaqueArguments ||= bindReads.some((capture) => {
-        const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capture).join(".");
-        return writes.some(
-          (write) =>
-            (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
-            write.offset < (capture.start ?? -1) &&
-            (write.coverage.covers(boundPath) ||
-              write.coverage.covers(functionBind)),
-        );
-      });
+      opaqueArguments ||= bindReads.some((capture) =>
+        intrinsicReadChanged(capture, boundPath),
+      );
       return {
         kind: opaqueArguments ? "opaque" : "known",
         path,
@@ -609,8 +711,8 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
       return writes.some(
         (write) =>
           (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
-          write.offset < (capturedAt.start ?? -1) &&
-          write.coverage.covers(path),
+          write.offset < evaluationOffset(capturedAt) &&
+          intrinsicWriteCovers(write.path, path),
       );
     }) ?? false;
   return {
@@ -628,13 +730,22 @@ export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
     staticString,
     isFreshObject,
     opaqueMutationPath,
-    retainWrite: (node: t.Node, path: readonly (string | null)[]) => {
-      const coverage = new SemanticPropertyPathCoverage();
-      coverage.retain(path[0] === "opaque-intrinsic" ? ["intrinsic"] : path);
+    observeEvaluation: (node: t.Node): void => {
+      evaluationOrder.set(node, ++evaluationClock);
+    },
+    retainWrite: (
+      node: t.Node,
+      path: readonly (string | null)[],
+      kind: JavaScriptIdentityWriteKind = "replace-value",
+    ) => {
       writes.push({
         scope: opaqueMutationPath(node).join("."),
-        offset: node.start ?? Infinity,
-        coverage,
+        offset:
+          evaluationClock === 0
+            ? javaScriptIdentityWriteOffset(node)
+            : evaluationOffset(node),
+        path: path[0] === "opaque-intrinsic" ? ["intrinsic"] : path,
+        kind,
       });
     },
     invalidated: (binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState): boolean => {

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticAnalysis.ts

@@ -462,10 +462,11 @@ export function* indexJavaScriptElectronIdentitySteps(
     interop.intrinsicInvocation,
     interop.staticString,
     interop.isFreshObject,
-    (node, path) => {
+    (node, path, kind) => {
       if (path[0] === "electron") writes.retain(path);
-      else interop.retainWrite(node, path);
+      else interop.retainWrite(node, path, kind);
     },
+    interop.observeEvaluation,
   );
   collectedWrites = true;
   const intactExport = (path: readonly (string | null)[]): boolean =>

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticTraversal.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ export const traverseJavaScriptAst = (
 export interface JavaScriptAstVisitor {
   /** Omit a child and its subtree without entering or exiting it. */
   readonly skip?: (node: t.Node) => boolean;
+  /** Override child field order while retaining the shared child expansion owner. */
+  readonly childKeys?: (node: t.Node) => readonly string[];
   readonly enter: (
     node: t.Node,
     parent: t.Node | null,
@@ -40,7 +42,12 @@ export function* traverseJavaScriptAstSteps(
   const enter = (node: t.Node, parent: t.Node | null): TraversalFrame => {
     visitor.enter(node, parent, () => [...ancestors]);
     ancestors.push(node);
-    return { node, parent, children: childNodes(node), nextIndex: 0 };
+    return {
+      node,
+      parent,
+      children: childNodes(node, visitor.childKeys?.(node)),
+      nextIndex: 0,
+    };
   };
   const pending = [enter(root, null)];
   let visited = 1;
@@ -84,8 +91,10 @@ interface TraversalFrame {
  * expansion; bespoke `Object.values` / duplicated `childNodes` walkers must
  * not be reintroduced (they diverge on loc/comment fields and ordering).
  */
-export const childNodes = (node: t.Node): t.Node[] => {
-  const keys = javaScriptAstChildKeys(node);
+export const childNodes = (
+  node: t.Node,
+  keys: readonly string[] = javaScriptAstChildKeys(node),
+): t.Node[] => {
   const children: t.Node[] = [];
   for (const key of keys) {
     const value: unknown = Reflect.get(node, key);

tests/acceptance/applications/electronModuleInteropCli.test.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ const INTRINSIC_MUTATIONS = [
     'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
   ],
   ["receiver.cjs", 'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,Object);'],
+  [
+    "sequence.cjs",
+    '(0,Object.defineProperty)(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
   [
     "deep-call.cjs",
     'Function.prototype.call.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
@@ -89,6 +93,7 @@ cliTest.for(["CLI", "stdio MCP"] as const)(
       function hoistedFunction() {}
       const captured = Object.defineProperty;
       Object.defineProperty = custom;
+      captured.call(null,metadata,"captured",{value:1});
       ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace("__defProp = Object.defineProperty", "__defProp = captured")}
       let electron = require("electron");
       electron = __toESM(electron, 1);
@@ -119,6 +124,7 @@ cliTest.for(["CLI", "stdio MCP"] as const)(
       require("./generic-bind.cjs");
       require("./replaced-apply.cjs");
       require("./receiver.cjs");
+      require("./sequence.cjs");
       require("./deep-call.cjs");
       require("./deep-apply.cjs");
       throw new Error("must not execute main");
@@ -147,7 +153,7 @@ cliTest.for(["CLI", "stdio MCP"] as const)(
       preload_entrypoints: 1,
     });
     expect(result.statistics.parse_failures).toBe(0);
-    expect(result.statistics.parsed_javascript_files).toBe(12);
+    expect(result.statistics.parsed_javascript_files).toBe(13);
     const windows = result.graph.nodes.filter(
       ({ kind }) => kind === "browser-window",
     );