fix(javascript): integrate Reflect.set receiver mutation coverage

Retain concurrent explicit receiver and opaque argument coverage while
preserving corrected call/apply receiver controls and the public CLI/MCP
fixture. Keep the complete invocation follow-up history without rewriting it.

Co-authored-by: factory-droid[bot] <138933559+factory-droid[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Kaoru0822 <208281322+kaoru0822-kitauji@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: morluto <76467478+morluto@users.noreply.github.com>

docs/javascript-artifact-reconstruction.md

@@ -323,15 +323,44 @@ substitute version-dependent Electron defaults for omitted `webPreferences`.
 Dynamic option objects, bridge keys, API objects, and IPC channel expressions
 remain unknown and make coverage partial.
 
-Electron API identity follows proven lexical module aliases. Bundled CommonJS
-namespace imports are also followed through the interop helpers that bundlers
-and compilers emit (`__toESM`, `__importStar`, `_interopRequireWildcard`),
-including the `electron = __toESM(electron)` rewrap that Rolldown emits. This
-step is inferred: a helper is recognized by its emitted name and a single
-program-scope function definition, and its body is not evaluated, so a local
-function that reuses one of these names is trusted to pass the module through.
-Other reassigned bindings, dynamic selections, and visibly overwritten namespace
-members are unresolved.
+Electron API identity follows proven lexical module aliases. Namespace interop
+also preserves identity when the complete Rolldown helper operations, lexical
+roles, live getters, and captured intrinsic origins match, or when a stable
+helper simply returns its module parameter. Harmless single-statement control
+blocks preserve recognition; added operations still require proof. Literal
+member and destructuring projections are retained from proven results.
+Omitted or literal node-mode arguments preserve named exports; a module-valued
+default projection requires a truthy literal node mode. Computed or extra
+arguments remain unresolved.
+Recognition uses structure rather than emitted names; other helper bodies and ambiguous
+runtime fallbacks remain unresolved. Captured function identities survive later global-property
+replacement, including copies through initialized aliases. Reads before an
+alias initializer remain unresolved. Visible intrinsic writes before capture or
+conversion are checked in their owning callable scope, including identifier leaves in nested/default/rest
+destructuring and loop targets. Property keys and shadowed local bindings do not
+overwrite the global intrinsic identity. Cross-call side effects, including
+writes inside directly invoked local functions, are not evaluated. Other
+reassignments, dynamic selections, and visibly overwritten namespace members
+are unresolved.
+Known Object/Reflect mutators remain recognizable through literal destructuring
+of intrinsic objects and stable bound-function aliases. Calls retain bound
+argument prefixes and the original bound receiver through `call`, `apply`, and
+`Reflect.apply`, including generic `Function.prototype` invocation and binding
+creation. Arguments follow each actual callable invocation rather than property
+chain depth; rebinding retains the original bound receiver.
+Visibly replaced invocation intrinsics produce unknown effects instead
+of using their former call semantics; captured function aliases retain their
+earlier identity. Unexamined targets remain unresolved. `Reflect.set` examines
+its explicit receiver as well as its target, retaining unknown receiver effects.
+Creating an unused binding does not itself mutate an intrinsic. Variable
+redeclarations retain a single unconditional initializer
+when they introduce no assignment or second initializer.
+Stable identifier chains to fresh object, array, function,
+undecorated class or RegExp syntax keep those targets separate from intrinsic
+objects when initialized before use; opaque, decorated, reassigned or
+not-yet-initialized targets remain unresolved. Writes during class initialization
+are still retained. Function declarations are available before their textual
+position; variable and class initializers must precede use.
 Direct and destructuring assignment, loop, update, and delete targets are checked
 through namespace aliases; unrelated member writes do not discard observed API
 identity. This static check does

src/domain/javascript/electronModuleInterop.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,664 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import { analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource } from "./javascriptStaticAnalysis.js";
+import { ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP } from "./javascriptModuleInterop.fixture.js";
+
+const WINDOW =
+  'new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./preload.js"}});';
+const IMPORT = 'let electron = require("electron");';
+const WRAP = "electron = __toESM(electron, 1);";
+// The upstream runtime uses control-body braces that its bundled printer omits.
+// https://github.com/rolldown/rolldown/blob/22a0ab13732d81f2559ad2b7064b688699324889/crates/rolldown/src/runtime/runtime-base.js
+const BLOCK_MODULE_INTEROP = ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+  'if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") for',
+  'if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") { for',
+)
+  .replace(
+    "if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except) __defProp",
+    "if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except) { __defProp",
+  )
+  .replace("    });", "    });\n    }")
+  .replace("  return to;", "  }\n  return to;");
+
+describe("Electron module interop identity", () => {
+  it("preserves named APIs through the released Rolldown namespace conversion", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:runtimePath}});
+      electron.ipcMain.handle("ping", () => "pong");
+      electron.contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld("api", {ping:true});
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toMatchObject([
+      { preload_path: "./preload.js" },
+      { preload_path: null },
+    ]);
+    expect(analysis.electron.ipc).toMatchObject([
+      { channel: "ping", side: "main" },
+    ]);
+    expect(analysis.electron.context_bridge_apis).toMatchObject([
+      { api_key: "api" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("follows lexical identities when helper and parameter names change", () => {
+    const source = `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`
+      .replaceAll("__toESM", "namespaceOf")
+      .replaceAll("__copyProps", "copyNamed")
+      .replaceAll("mod", "inputModule")
+      .replaceAll("isNodeMode", "nodeMode")
+      .replaceAll("target", "namespaceTarget")
+      .replaceAll("from", "sourceObject");
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(source).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toMatchObject([{ preload_path: "./preload.js" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves the same operations through control-body braces", () => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
+        `${BLOCK_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`,
+      ).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toMatchObject([{ preload_path: "./preload.js" }]);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps additional operations inside a control block unresolved", () => {
+    const altered = BLOCK_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+      "{ __defProp",
+      "{ from = unrelated; __defProp",
+    );
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${altered}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`)
+        .electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+const BOUND_INTRINSIC_MUTATIONS: [string, string][] = [
+  [
+    "intrinsic changed through aliased prebound arguments",
+    `const objectAlias = Object; const key = "create"; const define = Object.defineProperty; const mutate = define.bind(null, objectAlias, key); mutate({value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "intrinsic changed through nested prebinding",
+    `const first = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, Object); const second = first.bind(null, "create"); second({value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "a replaced bound mutator bind method is unknown",
+    `const first = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, Object); first.bind = customBind; const second = first.bind(null, "create"); second({value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "intrinsic changed through a computed prebound call",
+    `const mutate = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, Object, "create"); mutate["call"](null, {value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "intrinsic changed through a computed prebound apply",
+    `const mutate = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, Object, "create"); mutate["apply"](null, [{value:customCreate}]); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+  [
+    "a replaced bind intrinsic makes a prebound mutator unknown",
+    `Function.prototype.bind = customBind; const mutate = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, Object, "create"); mutate({value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+  ],
+];
+
+describe("Electron module interop uncertainty", () => {
+  it.each([
+    ...BOUND_INTRINSIC_MUTATIONS,
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed through an unresolved mutator target",
+      `Object.defineProperty(getTarget(), "create", {value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via dynamic apply",
+      `const args = [Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}]; Object.defineProperty.apply(null, args); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via spread call",
+      `const args = [Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}]; Object.defineProperty.call(null, ...args); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via Reflect.apply",
+      `const args = [Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}]; Reflect.apply(Object.defineProperty, null, args); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via spread Reflect.apply",
+      `const args = [null, [Object, "create", {value:customCreate}]]; Reflect.apply(Object.defineProperty, ...args); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via call",
+      `Object.defineProperty.call(null, Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed via apply",
+      `Object.defineProperty.apply(null, [Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}]); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed with defineProperty",
+      `Object.defineProperty(Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", {value:() => []}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed with Reflect.set",
+      `Reflect.set(Object, "getOwnPropertyNames", () => []); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed with an aliased mutator",
+      `const change = Object.defineProperty; change(Object, "create", {value:customCreate}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed with assign",
+      `Object.assign(Object, {getOwnPropertyNames:() => []}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "intrinsic changed with defineProperties",
+      `Object.defineProperties(Function.prototype, {bind:{value:customBind}}); ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten Object global",
+      `Object = customObject; ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten intrinsic through an alias",
+      `const objectAlias = Object; objectAlias.create = customCreate; ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten intrinsic through globalThis",
+      `globalThis.Object.create = customCreate; ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "helper called before initialization",
+      `${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "fake helper",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n__toESM = (mod) => ({BrowserWindow:Fake}); ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "changed getter",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace("from[k]", "to[k]")}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "replaced copy helper",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n__copyProps = () => ({}); ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "replaced intrinsic alias",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n__defProp = () => ({}); ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "shadowed Object",
+      `const Object = customObject; ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten intrinsic",
+      `Object.create = customCreate; ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten alias call",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n__hasOwnProp.call = customCall; ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten Function bind",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\nFunction.prototype.bind = customBind; ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "conditional conversion",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} if (flag) { ${WRAP} }`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "compound assignment",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} electron ||= __toESM(electron, 1);`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "other input",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} electron = __toESM(other, 1);`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "later overwrite",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} electron = unrelated;`,
+    ],
+    [
+      "overwritten constructor",
+      `${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} electron.BrowserWindow = Fake;`,
+    ],
+  ])("does not infer Electron identity after %s", (_name, setup) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${setup}\n${WINDOW}`).electron
+        .browser_windows,
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop helper results", () => {
+  it.each([
+    'const {BrowserWindow} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); new BrowserWindow({});',
+    'const {BrowserWindow: Window} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); new Window({});',
+    'const {default: {BrowserWindow}} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); new BrowserWindow({});',
+    'const Window = __toESM(require("electron"), 1).BrowserWindow; new Window({});',
+  ])("preserves a proven result projection: %s", (source) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${source}`)
+        .electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'const {[key]: Window} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); new Window({});',
+    'const {...electron} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); new electron.BrowserWindow({});',
+    'let {BrowserWindow} = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); BrowserWindow = Fake; new BrowserWindow({});',
+  ])("keeps an uncertain result projection unresolved: %s", (source) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${source}`)
+        .electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    "",
+    ", 0",
+    ", false",
+    ", true",
+    ", 1",
+    ', "node"',
+    ', ""',
+    ", null",
+  ])("preserves named exports with a literal node mode: %s", (mode) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+        const fresh = __toESM(require("electron")${mode});
+        new fresh.BrowserWindow({});
+        const {BrowserWindow} = __toESM(require("electron")${mode});
+        new BrowserWindow({});
+        let electron = require("electron");
+        electron = __toESM(electron${mode}); ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["", ", 0", ", false"])(
+    "does not assume a module-valued default with node mode: %s",
+    (mode) => {
+      const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+        const original = require("electron");
+        original.__esModule = true;
+        original.default = {BrowserWindow: Fake};
+        const {default: {BrowserWindow}} = __toESM(require("electron")${mode});
+        new BrowserWindow({});
+        const other = __toESM(require("electron")${mode}).default;
+        new other.BrowserWindow({});
+        new (__toESM(require("electron")${mode}).default.BrowserWindow)({});
+      `);
+      expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each(["__toESM", "identity"])(
+    "rejects side-effecting extra arguments to %s",
+    (helper) => {
+      const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+        function identity(mod) { return mod; }
+        const electron = ${helper}(require("electron"), mutate()); ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+      expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each([
+    "const __toESM = () => ({BrowserWindow:FakeWindow});",
+    "const __toESM = async (mod) => mod;",
+    "function* __toESM(mod) { return mod; }",
+    "const __toESM = (this && this.__toESM) || ((mod) => mod);",
+  ])("keeps an unproven fresh result unresolved: %s", (helper) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${helper}
+      const electron = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); ${WINDOW}
+      new (__toESM(require("electron"), 1)).BrowserWindow({});
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves a proven fresh namespace and a pure identity helper", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      const electron = __toESM(require("electron"), 1); ${WINDOW}
+      new (__toESM(require("electron"), 1)).BrowserWindow({});
+      function passthrough(value) {return value;}
+      const plain = passthrough(require("electron"));
+      new plain.BrowserWindow({});
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(3);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop pattern writes", () => {
+  it.each([
+    "({Object} = replacements);",
+    "[Function] = replacements;",
+    "({nested:{Object}} = replacements);",
+    "({replacement:Object = customObject} = replacements);",
+    "({...Object} = replacements);",
+    "[...Function] = replacements;",
+    "for ({Object} of replacements) {}",
+    "for ([Function] in replacements) {}",
+  ])("rejects an intrinsic replaced through %s", (write) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${write} ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.parse_error_count).toBe(0);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    "({Object:unrelated} = replacements);",
+    "function decoy(Object) {({Object} = replacements);}",
+  ])("preserves intrinsic identity for an unrelated target: %s", (write) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${write} ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.parse_error_count).toBe(0);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves captured operations after later property destructuring", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ({create:Object.create} = replacements);
+      ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop intrinsic captures", () => {
+  it.each([
+    "var captured = Object.defineProperty;",
+    "const {defineProperty:captured} = Object;",
+    "var first = Object.defineProperty; const captured = first;",
+  ])("retains the original function capture through %s", (capture) => {
+    const runtime = ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+      "__defProp = Object.defineProperty",
+      "__defProp = captured",
+    );
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${capture} Object.defineProperty = custom;
+      ${runtime} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it.each(["var", "const"])(
+    "keeps an intrinsic alias read before its %s initializer unresolved",
+    (kind) => {
+      const runtime = ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+        "__defProp = Object.defineProperty",
+        "__defProp = later",
+      );
+      const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+        ${runtime} ${kind} later = Object.defineProperty;
+        ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+      expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it("requires the helper's intrinsic binding to initialize before conversion", () => {
+    const runtime = ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace(
+      "var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;",
+      "",
+    );
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      var captured = Object.defineProperty;
+      ${runtime} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      var __defProp = captured;
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop capture and scope", () => {
+  it.each(["metadata", "alias"])(
+    "recognizes a hoisted function target through %s",
+    (target) => {
+      const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+        const alias = metadata;
+        Object.defineProperty(${target}, "x", {value:1});
+        function metadata() {}
+        ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      `);
+      expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each([
+    "var metadata = function () {};",
+    "const metadata = () => {};",
+    "class metadata {}",
+  ])("does not hoist fresh targets from %s", (declaration) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      Object.defineProperty(metadata, "x", {value:1});
+      ${declaration}
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'const {defineProperty:change} = Object; change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    "const objectAlias = Object; const {assign:change} = objectAlias; change(Object,{create:customCreate});",
+    'const {set:change} = Reflect; change(Object,"create",customCreate);',
+    'const {Object:{defineProperty:change}} = globalThis; change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ])("rejects a projected intrinsic mutator alias: %s", (write) => {
+    const source = `${write} ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `.replaceAll("__toESM", "namespaceOf");
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(source);
+    expect(analysis.parse_error_count).toBe(0);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    "const metadata = {};",
+    "const metadata = [];",
+    "const initial = {}; const metadata = initial;",
+    "const metadata = () => {};",
+    "const metadata = function () {};",
+    "const metadata = async () => {};",
+    "const metadata = function* () {};",
+    "const metadata = class {};",
+    "const metadata = /local/;",
+    "function metadata() {}",
+    "class metadata {}",
+  ])(
+    "keeps a fresh mutator target separate from intrinsic identity: %s",
+    (setup) => {
+      const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${setup} Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1});
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+      expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+    },
+  );
+
+  it.each([
+    "const metadata = getMetadata();",
+    "let metadata = {}; metadata = Object;",
+    "Object.defineProperty(metadata,'x',{value:1}); const metadata = {};",
+    "const metadata = {intrinsic:Object}; Object.defineProperty(metadata.intrinsic,'create',{value:customCreate});",
+    "const metadata = class {static {Object.create = customCreate;}};",
+    "@(() => Object) class metadata {}",
+  ])("keeps an unproven mutator target unresolved: %s", (setup) => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      ${setup} Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1});
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("does not reject unrelated intrinsic property definitions", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      Object.defineProperty(Object, "unrelated", {value:1});
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps opaque targets in a generic helper separate from outer module identity", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      function genericAssign() { Object.assign.apply(null, arguments); }
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP} ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("rejects an opaque intrinsic mutation in the namespace's own callable", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      function openWindow(args) {
+        Object.defineProperty.apply(null, args);
+        ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      }
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves captured intrinsics across later vendor polyfills and callable writes", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      Object.create = customCreate;
+      ${IMPORT} ${WRAP}
+      function runLoop(key) { globalThis[key] = this; }
+      function polyfill() { Object.create = customCreate; }
+      ${WINDOW}
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+
+  it("keeps a shadowed namespace separate from the converted module", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+      ${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}
+      function decoy(electron) { ${WINDOW} }
+    `);
+    expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop generic invocations", () => {
+  it.each([
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const call = Function.prototype.call; const change = call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'Function.prototype.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'Function.prototype.call.apply(Object.defineProperty,[null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Reflect.apply(Function.prototype.call,Object.defineProperty,[null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.apply.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Function.prototype.apply.call(Object.defineProperty,null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Reflect.apply(Function.prototype.apply,Object.defineProperty,[null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]]);',
+    'const first = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create"); const change = first.bind(fake); change({value:customCreate});',
+    "const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,...args);",
+    "const change = Function.prototype.apply.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,args);",
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null,...args); change(metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'Function.prototype.call.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'Object.defineProperty.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'Function.prototype.apply.apply(Object.defineProperty,[null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]]);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+  ])("follows the callable receiver of a generic invocation: %s", (write) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
+        `${write}\n${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`,
+      ).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'Function.prototype.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.apply.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'Reflect.apply(Function.prototype.apply,Object.defineProperty,[null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]]);',
+    'Function.prototype.call.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'Function.prototype.apply.apply(Object.defineProperty,[null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]]);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.call.bind(Object.defineProperty); change(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+  ])("preserves fresh targets through a generic invocation: %s", (write) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
+        `const metadata = {}; ${write}\n${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`,
+      ).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("Electron module interop bound mutators", () => {
+  it.each([
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'const first = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object); const change = first; change("create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object); change.call(null,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object); change.apply(null,["create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object); Reflect.apply(change,null,["create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create")({value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,...args); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const metadata = {}; Object.defineProperty.call(...args,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const metadata = {}; Object.defineProperty.apply(...args,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const first = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); const change = first.bind(customReceiver,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.apply.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change([Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Function.prototype.call.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'Function.prototype.apply.call(Object.defineProperty,null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'const uncurry = Function.prototype.call.bind(Function.prototype.call); uncurry(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.bind.call(Object.defineProperty,null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const bind = Function.prototype.call.bind(Function.prototype.bind); const change = bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.bind.apply(Object.defineProperty,[null,Object,"create"]); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Reflect.apply(Function.prototype.bind,Object.defineProperty,[null,Object,"create"]); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'const first = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object); const change = Function.prototype.bind.call(first,null,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+    'Reflect.apply = Object.defineProperty; Reflect.apply(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const apply = Reflect.apply; Reflect.apply = Object.defineProperty; Reflect.apply(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const change = Reflect.set.bind(null,Object,"create"); change(customCreate);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.call; change.call(Object.defineProperty,null,Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+    'const {apply:change} = Object.defineProperty; change.call(Object.defineProperty,null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'const change = Reflect.apply.call; change.call(Reflect.apply,null,Object.defineProperty,null,[Object,"create",{value:customCreate}]);',
+    'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,Object);',
+    'const metadata = {}; Reflect.set(metadata,"create",customCreate,Object);',
+    'const change = Reflect.set.bind(null,{},"create",customCreate); change(Object);',
+    'Reflect.apply(Reflect.set,null,[{},"create",customCreate,Object]);',
+    'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,...receivers);',
+    'Reflect.set({},"create",...valuesAndReceivers);',
+    "Reflect.set({},...keysValuesAndReceivers);",
+    'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,receiver);',
+  ])("rejects intrinsic writes through a bound mutator: %s", (write) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
+        `${write}\n${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`,
+      ).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it.each([
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null); change(metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'const first = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,metadata); const change = first.bind(null,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change(metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.apply.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change([metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.bind.call(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'const bind = Function.prototype.call.bind(Function.prototype.bind); const change = bind(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x"); change({value:1});',
+    'const change = Function.prototype.bind.apply(Object.defineProperty,[null,metadata,"x"]); change({value:1});',
+    'const change = Reflect.apply(Function.prototype.bind,Object.defineProperty,[null,metadata,"x"]); change({value:1});',
+    'const apply = Reflect.apply; Reflect.apply = replacement; apply(Object.defineProperty,null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create");',
+    'Object.defineProperty.call(null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'Object.defineProperty.apply(null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.call; change.call(Object.defineProperty,null,metadata,"x",{value:1});',
+    'const {apply:change} = Object.defineProperty; change.call(Object.defineProperty,null,[metadata,"x",{value:1}]);',
+    'Reflect.set(metadata,"x",1,{});',
+    'const receiver = {}; Reflect.set({},"x",1,receiver);',
+  ])("keeps a fresh bound target or unused binding separate: %s", (write) => {
+    expect(
+      analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(
+        `const metadata = {}; ${write}\n${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}\n${IMPORT} ${WRAP} ${WINDOW}`,
+      ).electron.browser_windows,
+    ).toHaveLength(1);
+  });
+});
+
+it("keeps unrelated exports after an aliased prebound key write", () => {
+  const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const electron = require("electron");
+      const key = "Unrelated";
+      const mutate = Object.defineProperty.bind(null, electron, key);
+      mutate({value: custom});
+      new electron.BrowserWindow({});
+    `);
+  expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toHaveLength(1);
+});

src/domain/javascript/electronStaticAnalysisIdentity.test.ts

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ describe("Electron API identity", () => {
   it("follows bundler namespace interop helpers without accepting other writes", () => {
     const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
       var __toESM = (mod) => mod;
-      var __importStar = (this && this.__importStar) || ((mod) => mod);
+      var __importStar = (mod) => mod;
       let electron = require("electron");
       electron = __toESM(electron);
       new electron.BrowserWindow({ webPreferences: { preload: "./rolldown.js" } });
@@ -120,4 +120,53 @@ describe("Electron API identity", () => {
 
     expect(analysis.electron.browser_windows).toEqual([]);
   });
+
+  it("follows stable declaration aliases but not an assigned default parameter", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      const direct = require("electron");
+      const constAlias = direct;
+      new constAlias.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./const.js"}});
+
+      let letAlias = require("electron");
+      new letAlias.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./let.js"}});
+
+      const { BrowserWindow } = require("electron");
+      new BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./destructured.js"}});
+
+      function withDefault(electron = require("./not-electron")) {
+        if (flag) electron = require("electron");
+        new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./default.js"}});
+      }
+    `);
+
+    expect(
+      analysis.electron.browser_windows.map(({ preload_path }) => preload_path),
+    ).toEqual(["./const.js", "./let.js", "./destructured.js"]);
+  });
+
+  it("preserves one initializer across variable redeclarations without accepting writes", () => {
+    const analysis = analyzeJavaScriptStaticSource(`
+      var electron;
+      var electron = require("electron");
+      var electron;
+      new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./redeclared.js"}});
+
+      var replaced;
+      var replaced = require("electron");
+      replaced = fake;
+      new replaced.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./replaced.js"}});
+
+      var initializedTwice = require("electron");
+      var initializedTwice = fake;
+      new initializedTwice.BrowserWindow({});
+
+      var conditional;
+      if (flag) { var conditional = require("electron"); }
+      new conditional.BrowserWindow({});
+    `);
+
+    expect(
+      analysis.electron.browser_windows.map(({ preload_path }) => preload_path),
+    ).toEqual(["./redeclared.js"]);
+  });
 });

src/domain/javascript/javascriptAstValues.ts

@@ -86,16 +86,20 @@ export const semanticObjectPatternKeys = (
     return key === null ? [] : [key];
   });
 
-/** Visit member write targets in direct and destructuring assignment forms. */
-export function* semanticMemberWriteTargets(
+/** Visit binding and member leaves in direct and destructuring write targets. */
+export function* semanticWriteTargets(
   root: t.Node,
-): Generator<t.MemberExpression | t.OptionalMemberExpression> {
+): Generator<t.Identifier | t.MemberExpression | t.OptionalMemberExpression> {
   const pending = [root];
   while (pending.length > 0) {
     const next = pending.pop();
     if (next === undefined) break;
     const node = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(next).node;
-    if (t.isMemberExpression(node) || t.isOptionalMemberExpression(node))
+    if (
+      t.isIdentifier(node) ||
+      t.isMemberExpression(node) ||
+      t.isOptionalMemberExpression(node)
+    )
       yield node;
     else if (t.isRestElement(node)) pending.push(node.argument);
     else if (t.isAssignmentPattern(node)) pending.push(node.left);

src/domain/javascript/javascriptElectronMemberWrites.ts

@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ import * as t from "@babel/types";
 
 import {
   semanticStaticPropertyKey,
-  semanticMemberWriteTargets,
+  semanticWriteTargets,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
-import { SemanticPropertyPathCoverage } from "./javascriptSemanticPropertyPaths.js";
 import { traverseJavaScriptAstSteps } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 
 /** Match Electron's supported module entry points. */
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ export const electronExportPath = (
 
 /** Static identity recovery cannot establish the absence of Electron usage. */
 export const ELECTRON_IDENTITY_LIMITATION =
-  "Electron API identity follows proven lexical module aliases, including results of namespace interop helpers (__toESM, __importStar, _interopRequireWildcard) recognized by name and a single program-scope function definition; helper bodies are not evaluated. Other reassigned bindings, dynamic selections, and visibly overwritten namespace members are unresolved; missing findings do not establish absence. Arbitrary call side effects and runtime registration are not evaluated.";
+  "Electron API identity follows proven lexical module aliases and structurally verified module-namespace interop. Other reassignments, dynamic selections, and visibly overwritten namespace members are unresolved; missing findings do not establish absence. Arbitrary call side effects and runtime registration are not evaluated.";
 
 /** Preserve exact property segments instead of flattening literal dotted keys. */
 export const electronMemberPath = (
@@ -42,14 +41,98 @@ export const electronMemberPath = (
   return { root, members: members.toReversed() };
 };
 
-/** Index visible writes through proven Electron aliases, without executing them. */
-export function* collectElectronMemberWritesSteps(
+/** A known intrinsic callable and its examined positional arguments. */
+export interface JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation {
+  readonly kind: "known" | "opaque";
+  /** The original bound receiver; rebinding cannot replace it. */
+  readonly receiver?: t.Node;
+  readonly path: readonly string[];
+  readonly arguments:
+    | readonly t.CallExpression["arguments"][number][]
+    | undefined;
+}
+
+/** Index member and binding writes through caller-proven lexical identities. */
+export function* collectJavaScriptIdentityWritesSteps(
   program: t.Program,
-  origin: (root: t.Node) => readonly string[] | undefined,
-): Generator<void, SemanticPropertyPathCoverage> {
-  const writes = new SemanticPropertyPathCoverage();
+  origin: (
+    root: t.Node,
+    kind: "binding" | "member" | "opaque-call",
+  ) => readonly string[] | undefined,
+  intrinsicInvocation: (
+    node: t.CallExpression | t.OptionalCallExpression,
+  ) => JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined,
+  staticString: (node: t.Node | undefined) => string | undefined,
+  freshObject: (node: t.Node) => boolean,
+  retain: (node: t.Node, path: readonly (string | null)[]) => void,
+): Generator<void> {
+  const objectMutators = new Set([
+    "defineProperty",
+    "defineProperties",
+    "assign",
+    "setPrototypeOf",
+  ]);
+  const reflectMutators = new Set([
+    "set",
+    "deleteProperty",
+    "defineProperty",
+    "setPrototypeOf",
+  ]);
+  const keyedMutators = new Set(["set", "deleteProperty", "defineProperty"]);
   yield* traverseJavaScriptAstSteps(program, {
     enter: (node) => {
+      if (t.isCallExpression(node) || t.isOptionalCallExpression(node)) {
+        const invocation = intrinsicInvocation(node);
+        if (invocation?.kind === "opaque") {
+          const scope = origin(node, "opaque-call");
+          if (scope !== undefined) retain(node, scope);
+          return;
+        }
+        const callee = invocation?.path;
+        const arguments_ = invocation?.arguments;
+        const method = callee?.at(-1);
+        const owner = callee?.length === 3 ? callee[1] : undefined;
+        if (
+          (owner === "Object" && objectMutators.has(method ?? "")) ||
+          (owner === "Reflect" && reflectMutators.has(method ?? ""))
+        ) {
+          // Reflect.set can write through its explicit receiver as well as
+          // dispatching through its target. Both identities need examination.
+          const targets =
+            owner === "Reflect" &&
+            method === "set" &&
+            arguments_ !== undefined &&
+            (arguments_.length >= 4 || arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement))
+              ? [
+                  arguments_[0],
+                  arguments_.some(t.isSpreadElement)
+                    ? undefined
+                    : arguments_[3],
+                ]
+              : [arguments_?.[0]];
+          for (const target of targets) {
+            // A known mutator with an opaque argument list can overwrite any
+            // captured intrinsic. Do not turn an unexamined target into proof.
+            if (target === undefined || t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
+              const scope = origin(node, "opaque-call");
+              if (scope !== undefined) retain(node, scope);
+            }
+            if (t.isNode(target) && !t.isSpreadElement(target)) {
+              const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(target);
+              const exported = origin(root, "member");
+              if (exported !== undefined) {
+                const key = keyedMutators.has(method ?? "")
+                  ? [staticString(arguments_?.[1]) ?? null]
+                  : [];
+                retain(node, [...exported, ...members, ...key]);
+              } else if (!freshObject(target)) {
+                const scope = origin(node, "opaque-call");
+                if (scope !== undefined) retain(node, scope);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
       const target = t.isAssignmentExpression(node)
         ? node.left
         : t.isUpdateExpression(node)
@@ -60,12 +143,16 @@ export function* collectElectronMemberWritesSteps(
               ? node.left
               : undefined;
       if (target === undefined) return;
-      for (const member of semanticMemberWriteTargets(target)) {
-        const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(member);
-        const exported = origin(root);
-        if (exported !== undefined) writes.retain([...exported, ...members]);
+      for (const leaf of semanticWriteTargets(target)) {
+        if (t.isIdentifier(leaf)) {
+          const exported = origin(leaf, "binding");
+          if (exported !== undefined) retain(node, exported);
+          continue;
+        }
+        const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(leaf);
+        const exported = origin(root, "member");
+        if (exported !== undefined) retain(node, [...exported, ...members]);
       }
     },
   });
-  return writes;
 }

src/domain/javascript/javascriptIntrinsicInvocation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+
+import type { JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation } from "./javascriptElectronMemberWrites.js";
+import {
+  semanticStaticPropertyKey,
+  unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
+} from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
+
+const arrayArguments = (array: t.Node | undefined) =>
+  t.isArrayExpression(array) &&
+  array.elements.every((element) => t.isExpression(element))
+    ? array.elements.filter((element): element is t.Expression =>
+        t.isExpression(element),
+      )
+    : undefined;
+
+const invocationArguments = (
+  method: "call" | "apply",
+  arguments_: JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation["arguments"],
+) =>
+  t.isSpreadElement(arguments_?.[0])
+    ? undefined
+    : method === "apply"
+      ? arrayArguments(arguments_?.[1])
+      : arguments_?.slice(1);
+
+/**
+ * Normalize known invocation syntax once, retaining bound argument prefixes.
+ * Binding a function alone is not a write; only its eventual call is examined.
+ */
+export const resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation = (
+  node: t.CallExpression | t.OptionalCallExpression,
+  intrinsicPath: (node: t.Node) => readonly string[] | undefined,
+  boundIntrinsic: (node: t.Node) => JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined,
+  intrinsicReadChanged: (node: t.Node, path: readonly string[]) => boolean,
+): JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined => {
+  const visited = new Set<t.Node>();
+  let callee: t.Node = node.callee;
+  let arguments_: JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation["arguments"] = node.arguments;
+  let receiver: t.Node | undefined;
+  let explicitReceiver = false;
+  for (;;) {
+    callee = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(callee).node;
+    if (visited.has(callee)) return undefined;
+    visited.add(callee);
+    let path = intrinsicPath(callee);
+    if (path !== undefined && intrinsicReadChanged(callee, path))
+      return { kind: "opaque", path, arguments: undefined };
+    if (path === undefined) {
+      if (
+        t.isMemberExpression(callee) ||
+        t.isOptionalMemberExpression(callee)
+      ) {
+        const method = semanticStaticPropertyKey(
+          callee.property,
+          callee.computed,
+        );
+        if (method === "call" || method === "apply") {
+          const bound = boundIntrinsic(callee.object);
+          if (
+            bound !== undefined &&
+            intrinsicReadChanged(callee, [...bound.path, method])
+          )
+            return { kind: "opaque", path: bound.path, arguments: undefined };
+          receiver = arguments_?.[0];
+          explicitReceiver = true;
+          callee = callee.object;
+          arguments_ = invocationArguments(method, arguments_);
+          continue;
+        }
+      }
+      const bound = boundIntrinsic(callee);
+      if (bound === undefined) return undefined;
+      if (bound.kind === "opaque") return bound;
+      path = bound.path;
+      receiver = bound.receiver;
+      explicitReceiver = true;
+      arguments_ =
+        bound.arguments === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : [...bound.arguments, ...(arguments_ ?? [])];
+    }
+    const method = path.length > 3 ? path.at(-1) : undefined;
+    if (method === "call" || method === "apply") {
+      // These properties hold generic function values. Their receiver selects
+      // the callable; property-chain depth does not consume more arguments.
+      const callable: t.Node | undefined = explicitReceiver
+        ? receiver
+        : t.isMemberExpression(callee) || t.isOptionalMemberExpression(callee)
+          ? callee.object
+          : undefined;
+      if (!t.isExpression(callable)) return undefined;
+      callee = callable;
+      receiver = arguments_?.[0];
+      explicitReceiver = true;
+      arguments_ = invocationArguments(method, arguments_);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (path.join(".") === "intrinsic.Reflect.apply") {
+      const callable = arguments_?.[0];
+      if (!t.isExpression(callable)) return undefined;
+      callee = callable;
+      receiver = arguments_?.[1];
+      explicitReceiver = true;
+      arguments_ = arrayArguments(arguments_?.[2]);
+      continue;
+    }
+    return {
+      kind: "known",
+      path,
+      arguments: arguments_,
+      ...(receiver === undefined ? {} : { receiver }),
+    };
+  }
+};

src/domain/javascript/javascriptModuleInterop.fixture.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Rolldown runtime from the public T3 Code nightly 20261011.2967 main.cjs.
+// The input is inert source: none of these helpers or Electron APIs is executed.
+export const ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP = `
+var __create = Object.create;
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __getOwnPropDesc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;
+var __getOwnPropNames = Object.getOwnPropertyNames;
+var __getProtoOf = Object.getPrototypeOf;
+var __hasOwnProp = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+var __copyProps = (to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function") for (var keys = __getOwnPropNames(from), i = 0, n = keys.length, key; i < n; i++) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except) __defProp(to, key, {
+      get: ((k) => from[k]).bind(null, key),
+      enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable
+    });
+  }
+  return to;
+};
+var __toESM = (mod, isNodeMode, target) => (target = mod != null ? __create(__getProtoOf(mod)) : {}, __copyProps(isNodeMode || !mod || !mod.__esModule || !__hasOwnProp.call(mod, "default") ? __defProp(target, "default", {
+  value: mod,
+  enumerable: true
+}) : target, mod));
+`;

src/domain/javascript/javascriptModuleInterop.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,774 @@
+import { parseExpression } from "@babel/parser";
+import * as t from "@babel/types";
+
+import type { JavaScriptModuleOrigin } from "./javascriptSemanticIr.js";
+import {
+  isUnshadowedGlobal,
+  resolveSemanticBindingState,
+  semanticScopeId,
+  semanticStableInitializer,
+  type JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+  type JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticState.js";
+import { semanticRequireOrigin } from "./javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.js";
+import {
+  childNodes,
+  javaScriptAstChildKeys,
+} from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
+import {
+  electronMemberPath,
+  type JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation,
+} from "./javascriptElectronMemberWrites.js";
+import { resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation } from "./javascriptIntrinsicInvocation.js";
+import { SemanticPropertyPathCoverage } from "./javascriptSemanticPropertyPaths.js";
+import {
+  readExactJavaScriptLiteral,
+  unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
+} from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
+
+// Match the complete Rolldown runtime operations, including its live getters.
+// Names and formatting are irrelevant; lexical roles, operators and keys are not.
+const TO_ESM = parseExpression(`(mod, isNodeMode, target) => (
+  target = mod != null ? __create(__getProtoOf(mod)) : {},
+  __copyProps(isNodeMode || !mod || !mod.__esModule || !__hasOwnProp.call(mod, "default")
+    ? __defProp(target, "default", {value: mod, enumerable: true}) : target, mod)
+)`);
+const COPY_PROPS = parseExpression(`(to, from, except, desc) => {
+  if (from && typeof from === "object" || typeof from === "function")
+    for (var keys = __getOwnPropNames(from), i = 0, n = keys.length, key; i < n; i++) {
+      key = keys[i];
+      if (!__hasOwnProp.call(to, key) && key !== except)
+        __defProp(to, key, {
+          get: ((k) => from[k]).bind(null, key),
+          enumerable: !(desc = __getOwnPropDesc(from, key)) || desc.enumerable
+        });
+    }
+  return to;
+}`);
+const INTRINSICS: Readonly<Record<string, readonly string[]>> = {
+  __create: ["Object", "create"],
+  __getProtoOf: ["Object", "getPrototypeOf"],
+  __defProp: ["Object", "defineProperty"],
+  __getOwnPropNames: ["Object", "getOwnPropertyNames"],
+  __getOwnPropDesc: ["Object", "getOwnPropertyDescriptor"],
+  __hasOwnProp: ["Object", "prototype", "hasOwnProperty"],
+};
+
+interface IntrinsicDependency {
+  readonly path: readonly string[];
+  readonly capturedAt?: t.Node;
+}
+
+interface InteropOrigin {
+  readonly origin: JavaScriptModuleOrigin;
+  readonly dependencies: readonly IntrinsicDependency[];
+  readonly defaultIsModule: boolean;
+}
+
+interface InteropHelper {
+  readonly dependencies: readonly IntrinsicDependency[];
+  readonly readyAfter: number;
+  readonly identity: boolean;
+}
+
+/** Prove one inert namespace conversion without relaxing general assignment semantics. */
+export const createSemanticModuleInterop = (
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+) => {
+  const helpers = new Map<string, InteropHelper | null>();
+  const origins = new Map<string, InteropOrigin>();
+  const calls = new WeakMap<t.Node, InteropOrigin>();
+  const intrinsicBindings = new Map<string, readonly string[] | null>();
+  const writes: {
+    readonly scope: string;
+    readonly offset: number;
+    readonly coverage: SemanticPropertyPathCoverage;
+  }[] = [];
+  const invalidatedBindings = new Map<string, boolean>();
+  const invalidatedCalls = new WeakMap<t.Node, boolean>();
+  const opaqueMutationPath = (node: t.Node): readonly string[] => {
+    let current: t.Node | undefined = node;
+    while (current !== undefined) {
+      if (t.isFunction(current))
+        return ["opaque-intrinsic", semanticScopeId("function", current)];
+      current = state.parentsByNode.get(current);
+    }
+    return ["intrinsic"];
+  };
+
+  const intrinsicPath = (node: t.Node): readonly string[] | undefined => {
+    let current = node;
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    const pending: { id: string; suffixLength: number }[] = [];
+    let suffix: readonly string[] = [];
+    const finish = (
+      path: readonly string[] | undefined,
+    ): readonly string[] | undefined => {
+      for (const binding of pending)
+        intrinsicBindings.set(
+          binding.id,
+          path === undefined
+            ? null
+            : path.slice(0, path.length - binding.suffixLength),
+        );
+      return path;
+    };
+    for (;;) {
+      const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(current);
+      if (members.some((member) => member === null)) return finish(undefined);
+      suffix = [...(members as readonly string[]), ...suffix];
+      for (const global of ["Object", "Function", "Reflect"])
+        if (isUnshadowedGlobal(root, state, global))
+          return finish(["intrinsic", global, ...suffix]);
+      for (const global of ["globalThis", "global", "window", "self"])
+        if (isUnshadowedGlobal(root, state, global))
+          return finish(["intrinsic", ...suffix]);
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(root)) return finish(undefined);
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, root, root.name);
+      const cached =
+        binding === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : intrinsicBindings.get(binding.bindingId);
+      if (cached !== undefined)
+        return finish(cached === null ? undefined : [...cached, ...suffix]);
+      const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+      if (
+        binding === undefined ||
+        initializer === undefined ||
+        initializer.projection.some((segment) => segment === null) ||
+        visited.has(binding.bindingId)
+      )
+        return finish(undefined);
+      visited.add(binding.bindingId);
+      pending.push({ id: binding.bindingId, suffixLength: suffix.length });
+      suffix = [...initializer.projection.map(String), ...suffix];
+      current = initializer.node;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // A nominal alias path is sufficient for conservative mutation lookup, but
+  // helper proof also needs each read to follow initialization. An alias copy
+  // retains the earlier function capture; a member read captures it anew.
+  const capturedIntrinsic = (node: t.Node): IntrinsicDependency | undefined => {
+    const path = intrinsicPath(node);
+    if (path === undefined) return undefined;
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    let current = node;
+    let capturedAt = node;
+    let suffixLength = 0;
+    for (;;) {
+      const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(current);
+      suffixLength += members.length;
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(root)) return undefined;
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, root, root.name);
+      if (binding === undefined) return { path, capturedAt };
+      const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+      if (
+        initializer === undefined ||
+        (initializer.node.end ?? Infinity) >= (root.start ?? -1) ||
+        visited.has(binding.bindingId)
+      )
+        return undefined;
+      visited.add(binding.bindingId);
+      if (suffixLength === 0) capturedAt = initializer.node;
+      suffixLength += initializer.projection.length;
+      current = initializer.node;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const staticString = (node: t.Node | undefined): string | undefined => {
+    if (node === undefined) return undefined;
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    let current = node;
+    for (;;) {
+      const literal = readExactJavaScriptLiteral(current);
+      if (literal.found)
+        return typeof literal.value === "string" ? literal.value : undefined;
+      const expression = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current).node;
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(expression)) return undefined;
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(
+        state,
+        expression,
+        expression.name,
+      );
+      const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+      if (
+        binding === undefined ||
+        initializer === undefined ||
+        initializer.projection.length !== 0 ||
+        (initializer.node.end ?? Infinity) >= (expression.start ?? -1) ||
+        visited.has(binding.bindingId)
+      )
+        return undefined;
+      visited.add(binding.bindingId);
+      current = initializer.node;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const intrinsicReadChanged = (
+    node: t.Node,
+    path: readonly string[],
+  ): boolean => {
+    const capture = capturedIntrinsic(node)?.capturedAt ?? node;
+    const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capture).join(".");
+    const method = path.at(-1);
+    const invocationMethod =
+      method === "bind" || method === "call" || method === "apply";
+    return writes.some(
+      (write) =>
+        (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
+        write.offset < (capture.start ?? -1) &&
+        (write.coverage.covers(path) ||
+          (invocationMethod &&
+            write.coverage.covers([
+              "intrinsic",
+              "Function",
+              "prototype",
+              method,
+            ]))),
+    );
+  };
+
+  const resolveBoundIntrinsic = (
+    node: t.Node,
+  ): JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined => {
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    const argumentGroups: t.CallExpression["arguments"][] = [];
+    const bindReads: t.Node[] = [];
+    let opaqueArguments = false;
+    let receiver: t.Node | undefined;
+    let current = node;
+    for (;;) {
+      current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current).node;
+      if (t.isIdentifier(current)) {
+        const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(
+          state,
+          current,
+          current.name,
+        );
+        const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+        if (
+          binding === undefined ||
+          initializer === undefined ||
+          initializer.projection.length !== 0 ||
+          (initializer.node.end ?? Infinity) >= (current.start ?? -1) ||
+          visited.has(binding.bindingId)
+        )
+          return undefined;
+        visited.add(binding.bindingId);
+        current = initializer.node;
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (!t.isCallExpression(current)) return undefined;
+      const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(current.callee);
+      let bindTarget = root;
+      let bindingArguments: JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation["arguments"] =
+        current.arguments;
+      let captured = capturedIntrinsic(current.callee);
+      let terminal = captured?.path.at(-1) === "bind";
+      let path: readonly string[] | undefined = captured?.path.slice(0, -1);
+      if (members.at(-1) === "bind") {
+        // A direct .bind may continue a bound callable, without discarding members.
+        if (!terminal && members.length !== 1) return undefined;
+        bindReads.push(captured?.capturedAt ?? current.callee);
+      } else {
+        // Reuse the invocation owner for generic call/apply/Reflect.apply of bind.
+        const invocation = resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation(
+          current,
+          intrinsicPath,
+          boundIntrinsic,
+          intrinsicReadChanged,
+        );
+        if (
+          invocation?.kind !== "known" ||
+          invocation.path.join(".") !== "intrinsic.Function.prototype.bind" ||
+          invocation.receiver === undefined
+        )
+          return undefined;
+        bindTarget = invocation.receiver;
+        bindingArguments = invocation.arguments;
+        captured = capturedIntrinsic(bindTarget);
+        terminal = captured !== undefined;
+        path = captured?.path;
+      }
+      receiver = bindingArguments?.[0];
+      const ownArguments = bindingArguments?.slice(1) ?? [];
+      opaqueArguments ||=
+        bindingArguments === undefined || t.isSpreadElement(receiver);
+      opaqueArguments ||= ownArguments.some((argument) =>
+        t.isSpreadElement(argument),
+      );
+      argumentGroups.push(ownArguments);
+      if (!terminal || path === undefined) {
+        current = bindTarget;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const boundPath = [...path, "bind"];
+      const functionBind = ["intrinsic", "Function", "prototype", "bind"];
+      opaqueArguments ||= bindReads.some((capture) => {
+        const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capture).join(".");
+        return writes.some(
+          (write) =>
+            (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
+            write.offset < (capture.start ?? -1) &&
+            (write.coverage.covers(boundPath) ||
+              write.coverage.covers(functionBind)),
+        );
+      });
+      return {
+        kind: opaqueArguments ? "opaque" : "known",
+        path,
+        ...(receiver === undefined ? {} : { receiver }),
+        // Rebinding appends arguments to the earlier bound argument list.
+        arguments: opaqueArguments
+          ? undefined
+          : argumentGroups.toReversed().flat(),
+      };
+    }
+  };
+
+  const activeBoundValues = new WeakSet<t.Node>();
+  const boundIntrinsic = (
+    node: t.Node,
+  ): JavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation | undefined => {
+    if (activeBoundValues.has(node)) return undefined;
+    activeBoundValues.add(node);
+    try {
+      return resolveBoundIntrinsic(node);
+    } finally {
+      activeBoundValues.delete(node);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const isFreshObject = (node: t.Node): boolean => {
+    const visited = new Set<string>();
+    let current = node;
+    for (;;) {
+      current = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(current).node;
+      if (
+        t.isObjectExpression(current) ||
+        t.isArrayExpression(current) ||
+        t.isFunction(current) ||
+        (t.isClass(current) && !current.decorators?.length) ||
+        t.isRegExpLiteral(current)
+      )
+        return true;
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(current)) return false;
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, current, current.name);
+      const initializer = unprojectedInitializer(binding, state);
+      if (
+        binding === undefined ||
+        initializer === undefined ||
+        (!t.isFunctionDeclaration(initializer) &&
+          (initializer.end ?? Infinity) >= (current.start ?? -1)) ||
+        visited.has(binding.bindingId)
+      )
+        return false;
+      visited.add(binding.bindingId);
+      current = initializer;
+    }
+  };
+
+  const helperProof = (
+    binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
+  ): InteropHelper | undefined => {
+    const cached = helpers.get(binding.bindingId);
+    if (cached !== undefined) return cached ?? undefined;
+    helpers.set(binding.bindingId, null);
+    if (state.scopesById.get(binding.scopeId)?.kind !== "program")
+      return undefined;
+    const wrapper = unprojectedInitializer(binding, state);
+    if (wrapper === undefined) return undefined;
+    if (identityFunction(wrapper, state)) {
+      const proof = {
+        dependencies: [],
+        readyAfter: t.isFunctionDeclaration(wrapper)
+          ? -1
+          : (wrapper.end ?? Infinity),
+        identity: true,
+      };
+      helpers.set(binding.bindingId, proof);
+      return proof;
+    }
+    const wrapperRoles = canonicalRoles(wrapper, TO_ESM, state);
+    const copyBinding = wrapperRoles?.get("__copyProps");
+    const copy = unprojectedInitializer(copyBinding, state);
+    const copyRoles =
+      copy === undefined ? undefined : canonicalRoles(copy, COPY_PROPS, state);
+    if (
+      wrapperRoles === undefined ||
+      copyRoles === undefined ||
+      copy === undefined
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const dependencies: IntrinsicDependency[] = [];
+    let readyAfter = Math.max(wrapper.end ?? Infinity, copy.end ?? Infinity);
+    for (const roles of [wrapperRoles, copyRoles])
+      for (const [role, dependency] of roles) {
+        const expected = INTRINSICS[role];
+        if (expected === undefined) continue;
+        const initializer = unprojectedInitializer(dependency, state);
+        const captured =
+          initializer === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : capturedIntrinsic(initializer);
+        if (
+          initializer === undefined ||
+          captured === undefined ||
+          JSON.stringify(captured.path) !==
+            JSON.stringify(["intrinsic", ...expected])
+        )
+          return undefined;
+        readyAfter = Math.max(readyAfter, initializer.end ?? Infinity);
+        dependencies.push(captured);
+        if (role === "__hasOwnProp")
+          dependencies.push({ path: [...captured.path, "call"] });
+      }
+    dependencies.push(
+      { path: ["intrinsic", "Function", "prototype", "bind"] },
+      { path: ["intrinsic", "Function", "prototype", "call"] },
+    );
+    const proof = {
+      dependencies,
+      identity: false,
+      readyAfter,
+    };
+    helpers.set(binding.bindingId, proof);
+    return proof;
+  };
+
+  const provenCall = (node: t.Node) => {
+    if (!t.isCallExpression(node) || !t.isIdentifier(node.callee))
+      return undefined;
+    const helper = resolveSemanticBindingState(
+      state,
+      node.callee,
+      node.callee.name,
+    );
+    const proof = helper === undefined ? undefined : helperProof(helper);
+    const input = node.arguments[0];
+    const mode = node.arguments[1];
+    const literalMode =
+      mode === undefined
+        ? { found: true, value: false }
+        : t.isExpression(mode)
+          ? readExactJavaScriptLiteral(mode)
+          : { found: false };
+    if (
+      proof === undefined ||
+      proof.readyAfter >= (node.start ?? -1) ||
+      !t.isExpression(input) ||
+      node.arguments.length > 2 ||
+      !literalMode.found
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    return {
+      input,
+      // A truthy node mode forces the module-valued default. Other modes
+      // preserve named exports without proving the source's default property.
+      defaultIsModule: !proof.identity && Boolean(literalMode.value),
+      dependencies: proof.dependencies.map((dependency) => ({
+        ...dependency,
+        capturedAt: dependency.capturedAt ?? node,
+      })),
+    };
+  };
+
+  const callOrigin = (node: t.Node): InteropOrigin | undefined => {
+    const cached = calls.get(node);
+    if (cached !== undefined) return cached;
+    const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(node);
+    if (!members.every((member): member is string => member !== null))
+      return undefined;
+    const converted = provenCall(root);
+    const required =
+      converted === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : semanticRequireOrigin(converted.input, state)?.origin;
+    if (
+      converted === undefined ||
+      required === undefined ||
+      required.importedPath.length !== 0 ||
+      (members[0] === "default" && !converted.defaultIsModule)
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const result = {
+      origin: { ...required, importedPath: members },
+      dependencies: converted.dependencies,
+      defaultIsModule: converted.defaultIsModule,
+    };
+    calls.set(node, result);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  const origin = (
+    binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
+  ): InteropOrigin | undefined => {
+    const single = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+    if (single !== undefined) {
+      if (
+        !single.projection.every(
+          (key): key is string => typeof key === "string",
+        )
+      )
+        return undefined;
+      const converted = callOrigin(single.node);
+      if (
+        converted?.origin.importedPath.length === 0 &&
+        single.projection[0] === "default" &&
+        !converted.defaultIsModule
+      )
+        return undefined;
+      const result =
+        converted === undefined
+          ? undefined
+          : {
+              ...converted,
+              origin: {
+                ...converted.origin,
+                importedPath: [
+                  ...converted.origin.importedPath,
+                  ...single.projection,
+                ],
+              },
+            };
+      if (result !== undefined) origins.set(binding.bindingId, result);
+      return result;
+    }
+    const [initial, converted] = binding.initializers;
+    if (
+      binding.definitions.length !== 2 ||
+      binding.definitions[0]?.kind !== "variable" ||
+      binding.definitions[1]?.kind !== "assignment" ||
+      binding.initializers.length !== 2 ||
+      initial === undefined ||
+      converted === undefined ||
+      initial.projection.length !== 0 ||
+      converted.projection.length !== 0 ||
+      state.conditionalInitializers.has(initial.node)
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const call = converted.node;
+    const assignment = state.parentsByNode.get(call);
+    const statement =
+      assignment === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : state.parentsByNode.get(assignment);
+    const declaration = state.parentsByNode.get(initial.node);
+    const declarationStatement =
+      declaration === undefined
+        ? undefined
+        : state.parentsByNode.get(declaration);
+    if (
+      !t.isCallExpression(call) ||
+      !t.isIdentifier(call.callee) ||
+      !t.isAssignmentExpression(assignment, { operator: "=" }) ||
+      assignment.right !== call ||
+      !t.isIdentifier(assignment.left, { name: binding.name }) ||
+      !t.isExpressionStatement(statement) ||
+      !t.isVariableDeclarator(declaration) ||
+      !t.isVariableDeclaration(declarationStatement) ||
+      state.parentsByNode.get(statement) !==
+        state.parentsByNode.get(declarationStatement) ||
+      (initial.node.start ?? Infinity) >= (call.start ?? -1)
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const convertedCall = provenCall(call);
+    const input = convertedCall?.input;
+    if (
+      !t.isIdentifier(input) ||
+      resolveSemanticBindingState(state, input, input.name) !== binding
+    )
+      return undefined;
+    const required = semanticRequireOrigin(initial.node, state)?.origin;
+    if (required === undefined || required.importedPath.length !== 0)
+      return undefined;
+    if (convertedCall === undefined) return undefined;
+    const result = {
+      origin: required,
+      dependencies: convertedCall.dependencies,
+      defaultIsModule: convertedCall.defaultIsModule,
+    };
+    origins.set(binding.bindingId, result);
+    return result;
+  };
+  const invalidatedOrigin = (record: InteropOrigin | undefined): boolean =>
+    record?.dependencies.some(({ path, capturedAt }) => {
+      if (capturedAt === undefined) return true;
+      const scope = opaqueMutationPath(capturedAt).join(".");
+      // Captured function values survive later replacement of global
+      // properties. Other callable bodies are not execution evidence.
+      return writes.some(
+        (write) =>
+          (write.scope === scope || write.scope === "intrinsic") &&
+          write.offset < (capturedAt.start ?? -1) &&
+          write.coverage.covers(path),
+      );
+    }) ?? false;
+  return {
+    origin,
+    callOrigin,
+    intrinsicPath,
+    intrinsicInvocation: (node: t.CallExpression | t.OptionalCallExpression) =>
+      resolveJavaScriptIntrinsicInvocation(
+        node,
+        intrinsicPath,
+        boundIntrinsic,
+        intrinsicReadChanged,
+      ),
+    boundIntrinsic,
+    staticString,
+    isFreshObject,
+    opaqueMutationPath,
+    retainWrite: (node: t.Node, path: readonly (string | null)[]) => {
+      const coverage = new SemanticPropertyPathCoverage();
+      coverage.retain(path[0] === "opaque-intrinsic" ? ["intrinsic"] : path);
+      writes.push({
+        scope: opaqueMutationPath(node).join("."),
+        offset: node.start ?? Infinity,
+        coverage,
+      });
+    },
+    invalidated: (binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState): boolean => {
+      const cached = invalidatedBindings.get(binding.bindingId);
+      if (cached !== undefined) return cached;
+      const result = invalidatedOrigin(origins.get(binding.bindingId));
+      invalidatedBindings.set(binding.bindingId, result);
+      return result;
+    },
+    invalidatedCall: (node: t.Node): boolean => {
+      const cached = invalidatedCalls.get(node);
+      if (cached !== undefined) return cached;
+      const result = invalidatedOrigin(calls.get(node));
+      invalidatedCalls.set(node, result);
+      return result;
+    },
+  };
+};
+
+const identityFunction = (
+  node: t.Node,
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+): boolean => {
+  if (
+    !t.isFunction(node) ||
+    node.async ||
+    node.generator ||
+    node.params.length !== 1
+  )
+    return false;
+  const parameter = node.params[0];
+  const result = t.isBlockStatement(node.body)
+    ? node.body.body.length === 1 && t.isReturnStatement(node.body.body[0])
+      ? node.body.body[0].argument
+      : undefined
+    : node.body;
+  return (
+    t.isIdentifier(parameter) &&
+    t.isIdentifier(result) &&
+    resolveSemanticBindingState(state, parameter, parameter.name) !==
+      undefined &&
+    resolveSemanticBindingState(state, parameter, parameter.name) ===
+      resolveSemanticBindingState(state, result, result.name)
+  );
+};
+
+const unprojectedInitializer = (
+  binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState | undefined,
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+): t.Node | undefined => {
+  const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+  return initializer?.projection.length === 0 ? initializer.node : undefined;
+};
+
+/** Match operations and lexical roles, allowing single-statement control blocks. */
+const canonicalRoles = (
+  actual: t.Node,
+  pattern: t.Node,
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+): ReadonlyMap<string, JavaScriptSemanticBindingState> | undefined => {
+  const roles = new Map<string, JavaScriptSemanticBindingState>();
+  const used = new Map<string, string>();
+  const pending: { actual: t.Node; pattern: t.Node; parent: t.Node | null }[] =
+    [{ actual, pattern, parent: null }];
+  while (pending.length !== 0) {
+    const pair = pending.pop();
+    if (pair === undefined) return undefined;
+    const { parent } = pair;
+    const controlBody =
+      (t.isIfStatement(parent) &&
+        (parent.consequent === pair.pattern ||
+          parent.alternate === pair.pattern)) ||
+      (t.isForStatement(parent) && parent.body === pair.pattern);
+    const node = controlBody ? controlBodyOperation(pair.actual) : pair.actual;
+    const expected = controlBody
+      ? controlBodyOperation(pair.pattern)
+      : pair.pattern;
+    if (node.type !== expected.type) return undefined;
+    const literalKey =
+      parent !== null &&
+      ((t.isMemberExpression(parent) &&
+        !parent.computed &&
+        parent.property === expected) ||
+        (t.isObjectProperty(parent) &&
+          !parent.computed &&
+          parent.key === expected));
+    if (t.isIdentifier(expected) && t.isIdentifier(node) && !literalKey) {
+      const binding = resolveSemanticBindingState(state, node, node.name);
+      if (
+        binding === undefined ||
+        (roles.has(expected.name) && roles.get(expected.name) !== binding) ||
+        (used.has(binding.bindingId) &&
+          used.get(binding.bindingId) !== expected.name)
+      )
+        return undefined;
+      roles.set(expected.name, binding);
+      used.set(binding.bindingId, expected.name);
+    }
+    const visitorKeys = javaScriptAstChildKeys(expected);
+    for (const [key, field] of Object.entries(
+      t.NODE_FIELDS[expected.type] ?? {},
+    )) {
+      if (
+        visitorKeys.includes(key) ||
+        (t.isIdentifier(expected) && key === "name" && !literalKey)
+      )
+        continue;
+      const fallback: unknown = Reflect.get(field, "default");
+      if (
+        JSON.stringify(Reflect.get(node, key) ?? fallback) !==
+        JSON.stringify(Reflect.get(expected, key) ?? fallback)
+      )
+        return undefined;
+    }
+    const children = childNodes(node),
+      expectedChildren = childNodes(expected);
+    if (children.length !== expectedChildren.length) return undefined;
+    for (const [index, child] of children.entries()) {
+      const expectedChild = expectedChildren[index];
+      if (expectedChild !== undefined)
+        pending.push({
+          actual: child,
+          pattern: expectedChild,
+          parent: expected,
+        });
+    }
+  }
+  return roles;
+};
+
+// Braces around one control-body statement do not add operations. Keep other
+// blocks, directives and extra statements intact; their semantics need proof.
+// Lexical declarations/references still pass through canonicalRoles' bijection.
+const controlBodyOperation = (node: t.Node): t.Node => {
+  while (
+    t.isBlockStatement(node) &&
+    node.directives.length === 0 &&
+    node.body.length === 1
+  ) {
+    const statement = node.body[0];
+    if (statement === undefined) break;
+    node = statement;
+  }
+  return node;
+};

src/domain/javascript/javascriptRpcEndpoints.test.ts

@@ -195,6 +195,32 @@ describe("tRPC binding identity and bundled syntax", () => {
     ]);
   });
 
+  it("retains one client initializer across variable redeclarations", () => {
+    expect(
+      rpcEndpoints(`
+      var c;
+      var c = createTRPCClient({});
+      var c;
+      c.users.query();
+
+      var replaced;
+      var replaced = createTRPCClient({});
+      replaced = pool;
+      replaced.posts.query();
+
+      var initializedTwice = createTRPCClient({});
+      var initializedTwice = pool;
+      initializedTwice.comments.query();
+
+      var conditional;
+      if (flag) { var conditional = createTRPCClient({}); }
+      conditional.groups.query();
+    `),
+    ).toEqual([
+      { kind: "network", value: "users", mechanism: "trpc:procedure:query" },
+    ]);
+  });
+
   it("recognizes surviving factory names inside bundled call wrappers", () => {
     expect(
       rpcEndpoints(`

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticAnalysis.ts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {
 import {
   semanticObjectPatternKeys,
   semanticStaticPropertyKey,
+  semanticWriteTargets,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
 import type {
   JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
@@ -31,16 +32,14 @@ import {
   resolveSemanticBindingFromScope,
   semanticBindingId,
   semanticScopeId,
+  semanticStableInitializer,
   semanticVariableScope,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticState.js";
 import {
   completeSemanticSteps,
   traverseJavaScriptAstSteps,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
-import {
-  semanticNamespaceInteropOperand,
-  semanticRequireOrigin,
-} from "./javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.js";
+import { semanticRequireOrigin } from "./javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.js";
 import { collectSemanticMemberMutationsSteps } from "./javascriptSemanticMemberMutations.js";
 import {
   collectSemanticReturns,
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ import {
 import { collectJavaScriptDerivedSemanticsSteps } from "./javascriptSemanticDerivedAnalysis.js";
 import { evaluateSemanticProvenance } from "./javascriptSemanticValues.js";
 import {
-  collectElectronMemberWritesSteps,
+  collectJavaScriptIdentityWritesSteps,
   electronExportPath,
   electronMemberPath,
   ELECTRON_MODULE,
@@ -64,6 +63,8 @@ import {
 } from "./javascriptSourceParser.js";
 
 import { isJavaScriptRpcClientFactory } from "./javascriptRpcEndpoints.js";
+import { createSemanticModuleInterop } from "./javascriptModuleInterop.js";
+import { SemanticPropertyPathCoverage } from "./javascriptSemanticPropertyPaths.js";
 
 interface BindPatternInput {
   readonly pattern: t.Node;
@@ -205,13 +206,10 @@ export function* classifyParsedJavaScriptRpcClientRootsSteps(
       if (binding === undefined) return;
       let client = clients.get(binding.bindingId);
       if (client === undefined) {
-        const [initializer] = binding.initializers;
+        const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
         client =
           initializer !== undefined &&
           initializer.projection.length === 0 &&
-          binding.initializers.length === 1 &&
-          !binding.definitions.some(({ kind }) => kind === "assignment") &&
-          !state.conditionalInitializers.has(initializer.node) &&
           isJavaScriptRpcClientFactory(initializer.node);
         clients.set(binding.bindingId, client);
       }
@@ -374,6 +372,9 @@ export function* classifyParsedJavaScriptElectronBindingsSteps(
   const facts = new Map<number, readonly string[]>();
   const state = createState(file.program);
   yield* collectDefinitionsSteps(file.program, state);
+  const interop = createSemanticModuleInterop(state);
+  const writes = new SemanticPropertyPathCoverage();
+  let collectedWrites = false;
   const exportsByBinding = new Map<string, readonly string[] | null>();
   const rootExport = (root: t.Node): readonly string[] | undefined => {
     if (t.isIdentifier(root)) {
@@ -382,23 +383,45 @@ export function* classifyParsedJavaScriptElectronBindingsSteps(
       if (binding === undefined) return undefined;
       let exported = exportsByBinding.get(binding.bindingId);
       if (exported === undefined) {
-        exported = electronExport(binding, state);
+        exported = electronExport(binding, state, interop);
         exportsByBinding.set(binding.bindingId, exported);
       }
-      return exported ?? undefined;
+      return collectedWrites && interop.invalidated(binding)
+        ? undefined
+        : (exported ?? undefined);
     }
-    const origin = semanticRequireOrigin(
-      semanticNamespaceInteropOperand(root, state) ?? root,
-      state,
-    )?.origin;
+    const wrapped = interop.callOrigin(root);
+    const origin =
+      wrapped === undefined
+        ? semanticRequireOrigin(root, state)?.origin
+        : collectedWrites && interop.invalidatedCall(root)
+          ? undefined
+          : wrapped.origin;
     return origin !== undefined && ELECTRON_MODULE.test(origin.specifier)
       ? electronExportPath(origin.importedPath)
       : undefined;
   };
-  const writes = yield* collectElectronMemberWritesSteps(
+  yield* collectJavaScriptIdentityWritesSteps(
     file.program,
-    rootExport,
+    (root, kind) => {
+      if (kind === "opaque-call") return interop.opaqueMutationPath(root);
+      const exported = kind === "binding" ? undefined : rootExport(root);
+      return exported === undefined
+        ? (interop.intrinsicPath(root) ??
+            (kind === "member"
+              ? interop.boundIntrinsic(root)?.path
+              : undefined))
+        : ["electron", ...exported];
+    },
+    interop.intrinsicInvocation,
+    interop.staticString,
+    interop.isFreshObject,
+    (node, path) => {
+      if (path[0] === "electron") writes.retain(path);
+      else interop.retainWrite(node, path);
+    },
   );
+  collectedWrites = true;
   yield* traverseJavaScriptAstSteps(file.program, {
     enter: (node) => {
       if (
@@ -409,7 +432,10 @@ export function* classifyParsedJavaScriptElectronBindingsSteps(
         return;
       const { root, members } = electronMemberPath(node.callee);
       const exported = rootExport(root);
-      if (exported !== undefined && !writes.covers([...exported, ...members]))
+      if (
+        exported !== undefined &&
+        !writes.covers(["electron", ...exported, ...members])
+      )
         facts.set(root.start ?? -1, exported);
     },
   });
@@ -421,19 +447,16 @@ export function* classifyParsedJavaScriptElectronBindingsSteps(
 const electronExport = (
   binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+  interop: ReturnType<typeof createSemanticModuleInterop>,
 ): readonly string[] | null => {
-  const initializers = namespacePreservingInitializers(binding, state);
-  if (initializers === undefined) return null;
-  const directOrigin = bindingOrigin(binding, initializers, state);
-  const [initializer] = initializers;
-  if (
-    directOrigin === undefined &&
-    (initializer === undefined ||
-      initializers.length !== 1 ||
-      initializers.length !== binding.initializers.length ||
-      state.conditionalInitializers.has(initializer.node))
-  )
-    return null;
+  const reassigned = binding.definitions.some(
+    ({ kind }) => kind === "assignment",
+  );
+  const converted = interop.origin(binding);
+  if (reassigned && converted === undefined) return null;
+  const directOrigin = converted?.origin ?? bindingOrigin(binding, state);
+  const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+  if (directOrigin === undefined && initializer === undefined) return null;
   const provenance =
     directOrigin === undefined
       ? evaluateSemanticProvenance(binding, state)
@@ -448,66 +471,17 @@ const electronExport = (
     : null;
 };
 
-/**
- * Return the initializers that can change which module a binding names.
- * Bundlers emit `name = __toESM(name)` after a CommonJS require; rewrapping
- * the binding's own value keeps every member, so it is not a reassignment.
- */
-const namespacePreservingInitializers = (
-  binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
-  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
-): JavaScriptSemanticBindingState["initializers"] | undefined => {
-  const initializers = binding.initializers.filter(
-    ({ node }) => !rewrapsOwnNamespace(binding, node, state),
-  );
-  const rewraps = binding.initializers.length - initializers.length;
-  const assignments = binding.definitions.filter(
-    ({ kind }) => kind === "assignment",
-  ).length;
-  return assignments === rewraps ? initializers : undefined;
-};
-
-const rewrapsOwnNamespace = (
-  binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
-  node: t.Node,
-  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
-): boolean => {
-  const assignment = state.parentsByNode.get(node);
-  const operand = semanticNamespaceInteropOperand(node, state);
-  return (
-    t.isAssignmentExpression(assignment) &&
-    assignment.operator === "=" &&
-    assignment.right === node &&
-    t.isIdentifier(assignment.left, { name: binding.name }) &&
-    t.isIdentifier(operand, { name: binding.name }) &&
-    !semanticResolutionBlocked(state, operand, operand.name) &&
-    resolveSemanticBindingState(state, operand, operand.name) === binding
-  );
-};
-
 const bindingOrigin = (
   binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
-  initializers: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState["initializers"],
   state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
 ): JavaScriptModuleOrigin | undefined => {
   if (binding.directOrigins.length > 0)
     return binding.directOrigins.length === 1
       ? binding.directOrigins[0]
       : undefined;
-  const [initializer] = initializers;
-  // A var/let declaration permits writes without proving one occurred.
-  // Require one unconditional initializer and no actual binding writes.
-  if (
-    initializer === undefined ||
-    initializers.length !== 1 ||
-    state.conditionalInitializers.has(initializer.node)
-  )
-    return undefined;
-  const origin = semanticRequireOrigin(
-    semanticNamespaceInteropOperand(initializer.node, state) ??
-      initializer.node,
-    state,
-  )?.origin;
+  const initializer = semanticStableInitializer(binding, state);
+  if (initializer === undefined) return undefined;
+  const origin = semanticRequireOrigin(initializer.node, state)?.origin;
   const projection = initializer.projection;
   return origin === undefined ||
     !projection.every((key): key is string => typeof key === "string")
@@ -650,9 +624,10 @@ function* collectDefinitionsSteps(
   for (const [index, { body, scope, parameters }] of functionBodies.entries()) {
     if (index % 64 === 0) yield;
     for (const parameter of parameters)
-      for (const identifier of assignedPatternIdentifiers(
+      for (const identifier of semanticWriteTargets(
         t.isTSParameterProperty(parameter) ? parameter.parameter : parameter,
       ))
+        if (t.isIdentifier(identifier))
           copyParameterToBody({ identifier, body, scope, state });
   }
 }
@@ -801,7 +776,8 @@ const bindAssignment = (
         state,
       );
     else
-      for (const identifier of assignedPatternIdentifiers(node.left))
+      for (const identifier of semanticWriteTargets(node.left))
+        if (t.isIdentifier(identifier))
           addAssignment(identifier, node, scope, state);
   } else if (t.isUpdateExpression(node) && t.isIdentifier(node.argument))
     addAssignment(node.argument, node, scope, state);
@@ -809,7 +785,8 @@ const bindAssignment = (
     for (const pattern of t.isVariableDeclaration(node.left)
       ? node.left.declarations.map(({ id }) => id)
       : [node.left]) {
-      for (const identifier of assignedPatternIdentifiers(pattern))
+      for (const identifier of semanticWriteTargets(pattern))
+        if (t.isIdentifier(identifier))
           addAssignment(identifier, node, scope, state);
       if (t.isForOfStatement(node))
         // Keep the loop value unknown, but preserve references yielded into
@@ -825,30 +802,6 @@ const bindAssignment = (
     }
 };
 
-const assignedPatternIdentifiers = (
-  pattern: t.Node,
-): readonly t.Identifier[] => {
-  const identifiers: t.Identifier[] = [];
-  const pending = [pattern];
-  while (pending.length > 0) {
-    const node = pending.pop();
-    if (node === undefined) continue;
-    if (t.isIdentifier(node)) identifiers.push(node);
-    else if (t.isRestElement(node)) pending.push(node.argument);
-    else if (t.isAssignmentPattern(node)) pending.push(node.left);
-    else if (t.isArrayPattern(node)) {
-      for (const element of node.elements)
-        if (element !== null) pending.push(element);
-    } else if (t.isObjectPattern(node)) {
-      for (const property of node.properties)
-        pending.push(
-          t.isRestElement(property) ? property.argument : property.value,
-        );
-    }
-  }
-  return identifiers;
-};
-
 const nestedScope = (
   node: t.Node,
   parent: t.Node | null,

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticMemberMutations.ts

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import { compareUnicodeCodePoints } from "../unicodeCodePointOrder.js";
 import { traverseJavaScriptAstSteps } from "./javascriptSemanticTraversal.js";
 import {
   semanticStaticPropertyKey,
-  semanticMemberWriteTargets,
+  semanticWriteTargets,
   unwrapJavaScriptExpression,
 } from "./javascriptAstValues.js";
 
@@ -401,7 +401,8 @@ export function* collectSemanticMemberMutationsSteps(
       markEscaped(expression.object, mutation);
   };
   const markTarget = (node: t.Node, mutation: t.Node): void => {
-    for (const target of semanticMemberWriteTargets(node))
+    for (const target of semanticWriteTargets(node))
+      if (!t.isIdentifier(target))
         markValue(
           target.object,
           [semanticStaticPropertyKey(target.property, target.computed)],

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticRequireOrigin.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import {
   resolveSemanticBindingState,
   semanticResolutionBlocked,
   type JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
-  type JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
 } from "./javascriptSemanticState.js";
 import {
   semanticStaticPropertyKey,
@@ -59,73 +58,3 @@ export const semanticRequireOrigin = (
         call: current,
       };
 };
-
-// esbuild/Rolldown, TypeScript, and Babel emit these helpers for namespace
-// imports of CommonJS modules; each returns an object exposing every own
-// member of its operand, so member paths through the result are unchanged.
-// Helper bodies are not evaluated: recognition trusts a single program-scope
-// function definition under one of these emitted names.
-const NAMESPACE_INTEROP_HELPERS = new Set([
-  "__importStar",
-  "__toESM",
-  "_interopRequireWildcard",
-]);
-
-/** Return the module operand of a locally declared namespace interop helper. */
-export const semanticNamespaceInteropOperand = (
-  node: t.Node,
-  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
-): t.Expression | undefined => {
-  const call = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(node).node;
-  if (
-    !t.isCallExpression(call) ||
-    !t.isIdentifier(call.callee) ||
-    !NAMESPACE_INTEROP_HELPERS.has(call.callee.name) ||
-    semanticResolutionBlocked(state, call.callee, call.callee.name)
-  )
-    return undefined;
-  const helper = resolveSemanticBindingState(
-    state,
-    call.callee,
-    call.callee.name,
-  );
-  const [operand] = call.arguments;
-  return helper !== undefined &&
-    emittedInteropHelper(helper, state) &&
-    t.isExpression(operand)
-    ? operand
-    : undefined;
-};
-
-// Emitters declare each helper once at program scope as a function, an
-// arrow/function expression, or `(this && this.name) || <function>`.
-const emittedInteropHelper = (
-  helper: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState,
-  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
-): boolean => {
-  const [initializer] = helper.initializers;
-  if (
-    initializer === undefined ||
-    helper.initializers.length !== 1 ||
-    helper.definitions.length !== 1 ||
-    (helper.kind !== "function" && helper.kind !== "variable") ||
-    state.scopesById.get(helper.scopeId)?.kind !== "program"
-  )
-    return false;
-  const value = unwrapJavaScriptExpression(initializer.node).node;
-  const emitted =
-    t.isLogicalExpression(value, { operator: "||" }) &&
-    t.isLogicalExpression(unwrapJavaScriptExpression(value.left).node, {
-      operator: "&&",
-    })
-      ? unwrapJavaScriptExpression(value.right).node
-      : value;
-  return (
-    t.isFunctionDeclaration(emitted) ||
-    t.isFunctionExpression(emitted) ||
-    t.isArrowFunctionExpression(emitted) ||
-    (t.isCallExpression(emitted) &&
-      (t.isFunctionExpression(emitted.callee) ||
-        t.isArrowFunctionExpression(emitted.callee)))
-  );
-};

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticState.ts

@@ -75,6 +75,30 @@ export interface JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState {
   readonly conditionalInitializers: WeakSet<t.Node>;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Return one unconditional source initializer for a declared lexical binding.
+ * Repeated variable declarations without another initializer do not write it.
+ * This establishes a stable source fact only; it does not prove immutability or
+ * that the declaration has executed at a particular program point.
+ */
+export const semanticStableInitializer = (
+  binding: JavaScriptSemanticBindingState | undefined,
+  state: JavaScriptSemanticAnalysisState,
+): JavaScriptSemanticBindingState["initializers"][number] | undefined => {
+  const [initializer] = binding?.initializers ?? [];
+  const [definition] = binding?.definitions ?? [];
+  return binding !== undefined &&
+    ((definition?.kind === "variable" &&
+      binding.definitions.every(({ kind }) => kind === "variable")) ||
+      (binding.definitions.length === 1 &&
+        (definition?.kind === "function" || definition?.kind === "class"))) &&
+    binding.initializers.length === 1 &&
+    initializer !== undefined &&
+    !state.conditionalInitializers.has(initializer.node)
+    ? initializer
+    : undefined;
+};
+
 /** Return the active scope from a non-empty construction stack. */
 export const currentSemanticScope = (
   stack: readonly JavaScriptSemanticScopeState[],

src/domain/javascript/javascriptSemanticTraversal.ts

@@ -82,8 +82,7 @@ interface TraversalFrame {
  * not be reintroduced (they diverge on loc/comment fields and ordering).
  */
 export const childNodes = (node: t.Node): t.Node[] => {
-  const keys = t.VISITOR_KEYS[node.type];
-  if (keys === undefined) return [];
+  const keys = javaScriptAstChildKeys(node);
   const children: t.Node[] = [];
   for (const key of keys) {
     const value: unknown = Reflect.get(node, key);
@@ -98,3 +97,7 @@ export const childNodes = (node: t.Node): t.Node[] => {
   }
   return children;
 };
+
+/** Child-bearing fields; shared by traversal and structural AST comparison. */
+export const javaScriptAstChildKeys = (node: t.Node): readonly string[] =>
+  t.VISITOR_KEYS[node.type] ?? [];

tests/acceptance/applications/electronModuleInteropCli.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+import { writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
+import { join } from "node:path";
+
+import { expect } from "vitest";
+import { z } from "zod";
+
+import { javascriptApplicationAnalysisResultSchema } from "../../../src/domain/javascript/javascriptApplicationAnalysis.js";
+import { ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP } from "../../../src/domain/javascript/javascriptModuleInterop.fixture.js";
+import { connectLocalToolsMcp } from "../../fixtures/localToolsMcp.js";
+import { createTestTempDirectory } from "../../fixtures/temporaryDirectory.js";
+import { cliTest } from "../../support/cli/cliFixture.js";
+
+const INTRINSIC_MUTATIONS = [
+  ["poisoned.cjs", "({Object} = replacements);"],
+  [
+    "projected.cjs",
+    'const {defineProperty:change} = Object; change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  [
+    "decorated.cjs",
+    '@(() => Object) class metadata {}; Object.defineProperty(metadata,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  [
+    "uncurried.cjs",
+    'const change = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty,null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  [
+    "generic-bind.cjs",
+    'const change = Function.prototype.bind.call(Object.defineProperty,null); change(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  [
+    "replaced-apply.cjs",
+    'Reflect.apply = Object.defineProperty; Reflect.apply(Object,"create",{value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  [
+    "bound.cjs",
+    'const change = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,Object,"create"); change({value:customCreate});',
+  ],
+  ["receiver.cjs", 'Reflect.set({},"create",customCreate,Object);'],
+] as const;
+
+const writePoisonedModules = async (root: string): Promise<void> => {
+  for (const [name, mutation] of INTRINSIC_MUTATIONS)
+    await writeFile(
+      join(root, name),
+      `${mutation}
+       ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP}
+       let poisoned = require("electron");
+       poisoned = __toESM(poisoned, 1);
+       new poisoned.BrowserWindow({});
+       throw new Error("must not execute poisoned source");`,
+    );
+};
+
+cliTest.for(["CLI", "stdio MCP"] as const)(
+  "retains converted Electron windows and preload evidence through %s",
+  async (surface, { cli }) => {
+    const root = await createTestTempDirectory("rea-electron-interop-");
+    await writeFile(
+      join(root, "package.json"),
+      JSON.stringify({ main: "main.cjs" }),
+    );
+    await writeFile(
+      join(root, "preload.js"),
+      'throw new Error("must stay inert");',
+    );
+    await writePoisonedModules(root);
+    const source = `const metadata = {};
+      Object.defineProperty(metadata,"x",{value:1});
+      const decorateMetadata = Object.defineProperty.bind(null,metadata,"bound");
+      decorateMetadata({value:1});
+      const decorateViaCall = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.defineProperty);
+      decorateViaCall(null,metadata,"uncurried",{value:1});
+      const localFunction = () => {};
+      Object.defineProperty(localFunction,"x",{value:1});
+      const localClass = class {};
+      Object.defineProperty(localClass,"x",{value:1});
+      const localRegExp = /local/;
+      Object.defineProperty(localRegExp,"x",{value:1});
+      Object.defineProperty(hoistedFunction,"x",{value:1});
+      function hoistedFunction() {}
+      const captured = Object.defineProperty;
+      Object.defineProperty = custom;
+      ${ROLLDOWN_MODULE_INTEROP.replace("__defProp = Object.defineProperty", "__defProp = captured")}
+      let electron = require("electron");
+      electron = __toESM(electron, 1);
+      new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:"./preload.js"}});
+      new electron.BrowserWindow({webPreferences:{preload:runtimePath}});
+      var direct;
+      var direct = require("electron");
+      var direct;
+      new direct.BrowserWindow({});
+      const fresh = __toESM(require("electron"), 1);
+      new fresh.BrowserWindow({});
+      const {BrowserWindow: ProjectedWindow} = __toESM(require("electron"));
+      new ProjectedWindow({});
+      const nonNode = __toESM(require("electron"), 0);
+      new nonNode.BrowserWindow({});
+      function identity(mod) {return mod;}
+      const passthrough = identity(require("electron"));
+      new passthrough.BrowserWindow({});
+      const __importStar = () => ({BrowserWindow:FakeWindow});
+      const fake = __importStar(require("electron"));
+      new fake.BrowserWindow({});
+      function decoy(electron) {new electron.BrowserWindow({});}
+      require("./poisoned.cjs");
+      require("./projected.cjs");
+      require("./decorated.cjs");
+      require("./bound.cjs");
+      require("./uncurried.cjs");
+      require("./generic-bind.cjs");
+      require("./replaced-apply.cjs");
+      require("./receiver.cjs");
+      throw new Error("must not execute main");
+    `;
+    await writeFile(join(root, "main.cjs"), source);
+    let document: unknown;
+    if (surface === "CLI") {
+      const response = await cli.run({
+        arguments: ["analyze-javascript-application", root, "--json"],
+      });
+      expect(response.exitCode, response.stderr).toBe(0);
+      document = response.json;
+    } else {
+      const { call } = await connectLocalToolsMcp();
+      const response = await call("analyze_javascript_application", {
+        input_path: root,
+      });
+      expect(response.isError, JSON.stringify(response)).not.toBe(true);
+      document = response.structuredContent;
+    }
+    const result = z
+      .object({ normalized_result: javascriptApplicationAnalysisResultSchema })
+      .parse(document).normalized_result;
+    expect(result.summary).toMatchObject({
+      browser_windows: 7,
+      preload_entrypoints: 1,
+    });
+    expect(result.statistics.parse_failures).toBe(0);
+    expect(result.statistics.parsed_javascript_files).toBe(10);
+    const windows = result.graph.nodes.filter(
+      ({ kind }) => kind === "browser-window",
+    );
+    expect(windows).toHaveLength(7);
+    const expectedLines = source
+      .split("\n")
+      .flatMap((line, index) =>
+        /^\s*new (?:(?:electron|direct|fresh|passthrough|nonNode)\.BrowserWindow|ProjectedWindow)\(/u.test(
+          line,
+        )
+          ? [index + 1]
+          : [],
+      );
+    const observedLines = windows.flatMap((window) => {
+      const location = window.observations[0]?.evidence.location;
+      return location?.available && location.value.kind === "source-range"
+        ? [location.value.start.line]
+        : [];
+    });
+    expect(observedLines.toSorted()).toEqual(expectedLines.toSorted());
+    for (const window of windows) {
+      expect(window.observations[0]?.evidence.location).toMatchObject({
+        available: true,
+        value: { kind: "source-range", source: "main.cjs" },
+      });
+    }
+    expect(
+      windows.flatMap((window) =>
+        window.observations.map(({ properties }) => properties.web_preferences),
+      ),
+    ).toEqual(
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.arrayContaining([
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            name: "preload",
+            value: {
+              status: "dynamic",
+              value: null,
+              expression: "runtimePath",
+            },
+          }),
+        ]),
+      ]),
+    );
+  },
+);