refactor: govern background job lifecycle

tests/test_background_lifecycle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import sys
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from backend.bootstrap import runtime
+
+
+class BackgroundLifecycleTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_service_construction_does_not_start_the_scheduler(self) -> None:
+        source = (Path(__file__).parents[1] / "backend" / "application.py").read_text(
+            encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        tree = ast.parse(source)
+        service_class = next(
+            node for node in tree.body
+            if isinstance(node, ast.ClassDef) and node.name == "DashboardService"
+        )
+        constructor = next(
+            node for node in service_class.body
+            if isinstance(node, ast.FunctionDef) and node.name == "__init__"
+        )
+        called_methods = {
+            node.func.attr for node in ast.walk(constructor)
+            if isinstance(node, ast.Call) and isinstance(node.func, ast.Attribute)
+        }
+        self.assertNotIn("start_scheduler", called_methods)
+
+    def test_runtime_starts_jobs_after_bind_and_stops_before_close(self) -> None:
+        events: list[str] = []
+
+        class Service:
+            def start_background_jobs(self) -> None:
+                events.append("start-jobs")
+
+            def stop_background_jobs(self) -> None:
+                events.append("stop-jobs")
+
+        class Server:
+            def __init__(self, address: tuple[str, int], handler: object) -> None:
+                events.append("bind")
+
+            def serve_forever(self) -> None:
+                events.append("serve")
+                raise KeyboardInterrupt
+
+            def server_close(self) -> None:
+                events.append("close")
+
+        with (
+            patch.object(runtime, "ThreadingHTTPServer", Server),
+            patch.object(sys, "argv", ["server.py", "--port", "8797"]),
+        ):
+            runtime.main(object, Service())
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            events, ["bind", "start-jobs", "serve", "stop-jobs", "close"]
+        )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()