from __future__ import annotations

import hashlib
import sqlite3
from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import UTC, datetime

from backend.database.connection import Database

MigrationAction = Callable[[sqlite3.Connection], None]


class MigrationError(RuntimeError):
    pass


@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class Migration:
    version: int
    name: str
    signature: str
    upgrade: MigrationAction
    downgrade: MigrationAction

    @property
    def checksum(self) -> str:
        source = f"{self.version}:{self.name}:{self.signature}"
        return hashlib.sha256(source.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()


class MigrationRunner:
    def __init__(self, database: Database) -> None:
        self._database = database

    def upgrade(self, migrations: Iterable[Migration]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
        ordered = self._validate(migrations)
        with self._database.transaction() as connection:
            self._ensure_ledger(connection)
            applied = self._applied(connection)
            self._verify_history(ordered, applied)
            completed: list[int] = []
            for migration in ordered:
                if migration.version in applied:
                    continue
                self._run_action(connection, migration, migration.upgrade, "upgrade")
                connection.execute(
                    """
                    INSERT INTO schema_migrations (version, name, checksum, applied_at)
                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)
                    """,
                    (
                        migration.version,
                        migration.name,
                        migration.checksum,
                        datetime.now(UTC).isoformat(timespec="seconds"),
                    ),
                )
                completed.append(migration.version)
            return tuple(completed)

    def downgrade(self, migrations: Iterable[Migration], target_version: int) -> tuple[int, ...]:
        if target_version < 0:
            raise MigrationError("Target version cannot be negative")
        ordered = self._validate(migrations)
        by_version = {migration.version: migration for migration in ordered}
        with self._database.transaction() as connection:
            self._ensure_ledger(connection)
            applied = self._applied(connection)
            self._verify_history(ordered, applied)
            pending = sorted(
                (version for version in applied if version > target_version), reverse=True
            )
            rolled_back: list[int] = []
            for version in pending:
                migration = by_version[version]
                self._run_action(connection, migration, migration.downgrade, "downgrade")
                connection.execute("DELETE FROM schema_migrations WHERE version = ?", (version,))
                rolled_back.append(version)
            return tuple(rolled_back)

    @staticmethod
    def _validate(migrations: Iterable[Migration]) -> tuple[Migration, ...]:
        ordered = tuple(sorted(migrations, key=lambda migration: migration.version))
        versions = [migration.version for migration in ordered]
        if any(version <= 0 for version in versions):
            raise MigrationError("Migration versions must be positive integers")
        if len(versions) != len(set(versions)):
            raise MigrationError("Migration versions must be unique")
        return ordered

    @staticmethod
    def _ensure_ledger(connection: sqlite3.Connection) -> None:
        connection.execute(
            """
            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS schema_migrations (
                version INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
                name TEXT NOT NULL,
                checksum TEXT NOT NULL,
                applied_at TEXT NOT NULL
            )
            """
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _applied(connection: sqlite3.Connection) -> dict[int, str]:
        return {
            int(row["version"]): str(row["checksum"])
            for row in connection.execute(
                "SELECT version, checksum FROM schema_migrations ORDER BY version"
            )
        }

    @staticmethod
    def _verify_history(migrations: tuple[Migration, ...], applied: dict[int, str]) -> None:
        by_version = {migration.version: migration for migration in migrations}
        known_versions = sorted(by_version)
        applied_versions = sorted(applied)
        unknown = sorted(set(applied) - set(known_versions))
        if unknown:
            values = ", ".join(f"{version:04d}" for version in unknown)
            raise MigrationError(f"Database contains unknown migrations: {values}")
        if applied_versions != known_versions[: len(applied_versions)]:
            raise MigrationError("Database migration history is not contiguous")
        for version in applied_versions:
            if applied[version] != by_version[version].checksum:
                raise MigrationError(
                    f"Migration checksum changed: {version:04d} {by_version[version].name}"
                )

    @staticmethod
    def _run_action(
        connection: sqlite3.Connection,
        migration: Migration,
        action: MigrationAction,
        direction: str,
    ) -> None:
        savepoint = f"migration_{migration.version:04d}_{direction}"
        connection.execute(f"SAVEPOINT {savepoint}")
        try:
            action(connection)
            connection.execute(f"RELEASE SAVEPOINT {savepoint}")
        except Exception as exc:
            connection.execute(f"ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT {savepoint}")
            connection.execute(f"RELEASE SAVEPOINT {savepoint}")
            raise MigrationError(
                f"Migration {direction} failed: {migration.version:04d} {migration.name}"
            ) from exc